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Global Comparative Politics (7)

Global Comparative Politics (7). Luca Verzichelli University of Siena Master Program Public and Cultural Diplomacy (LM-81). Notion of mediatization.

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Global Comparative Politics (7)

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  1. Global Comparative Politics (7) Luca Verzichelli University of Siena Master Program Public and Cultural Diplomacy (LM-81)

  2. Notion of mediatization mediatization of society indicates an extension of the influence of the media into all societal spheres. Therefore, it is important to see what the domains are that are influenced by the media system (remembering that the media system is both a cultural technology and an economic organization). In broad and general terms, all the main societal domains are affected by the connection between media and society: sex/gender and generational relationships, deviance, control and surveillance, religious and ritual dimensions, power relationships, urban environment and city life, localization and globalization processes, and so on.

  3. The Institutional development of the Media system

  4. From a dialogic to an integrated model of interaction media-politics (Mazzoleni) Dialogic Model Post-modern model (mediatization) Influences between media and politics Media system Political system Citizens Political system Citizens Media system Several factors determined this phenomenon: decline of ideologies, professionalization of media, easy access to new media (TV to Internet). Decline of trust in politicians and Institutions

  5. Populism. A multifaceted concept In the past, populism was conceived as the appeal to people from non truly democratic actors. However, the populist attitude cannot be limited to dictators or anti-democratic actors. After the crisis, in Europe many leaders from mainstream parties and institutional figures have invoke the resistance against the “new populism” (actors against the EU estabilshments, the Euro, the global market …. But who are those new actors ? Extreme fragmentation of “populisms”. Even within a relatively homogeneous perimeter like Europe

  6. Mudde and KaltwasserPopulism in Europe and Latin America Populism as an independent ideology, unattached to any particular other Ideology, but combined with many different ideological features. Which ideological features attach to populism depend upon the socio-political context within which the populist actors mobilize The rise and consolidation of populism is determined by national, regional, and historical circumstances, since the latter influence the shape of political ideologies, particularly when it comes to addressing “the people” living in a given territory in a particular point of time. For instance , Populisms in Europe and LA are much different Populism in Latin America is more ethnic than populism in Europe; More “right-wing” populistm in Europe and “left-wing” populists (today) in LA In material, political, and symbolic terms European populism is primarily exclusionary, while LA populism is predominantly inclusionary; Populism is more important in Latin America than in Europe in electoral, and political terms

  7. Globalization • A classic definition is: The worldwide shift toward economic, financial, trade, and communications integration.This implies the opening of domestic perspectives to a broader outlook of an interdependent world with free transfer of capital, goods, and services across national frontiers. • More difficult to say of globalization should mean, for instance, liberalization of labor markets. Here the different visions of a “new global order” emerge.

  8. Globalization as a challenge to democracy (Kriesi) • The new types of governance emerged with the globalization may arise several challenges to democracy: • Lack of congruence • Lack of inclusion • Lack of transparency • Lack of accountability • Lack of responsiveness

  9. Immigration and Multiculturalism • Old phenomena but … • …. Much stronger in their impact and … • … now they represent a “challenge for a democratic policy”. • Why?

  10. Kymlicka: Factors facilitating the diffusion of a positive MultiCultural approach • Desecuritization of ethnic relations. According to a MC approach, reducing the distance with minorities, the State preempts conflicts • Human rights. The State shares the new human-right based approach • Border control. If citizens feel to be protected by those who cannot enter, all those who can enter are “welcome” • Diversity of immigrant groups. Genuine multiculturalism means no preference to one or another ethnic group • Economic contributions. The MC approach assumes that each single newcomer can bring an important economic contribution

  11. Fukuyama (2006): Doubts on the inter-cultural perspective in Europe • The end of the perspective of a “natural integration”, marked by the violence of the radical Islamism • Europe cannot be a melting-pot. Structural differences with the segmentation of the North-American society • Europeans have not been able to address honestly and openly the problem of Muslim integration As a result, multiculturalism cannot be considered a likely paradigm for a free world “after the end of History” Integration can be a reversible phenomenon

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