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American School History

Explore the fascinating history of American education, from the early Puritan influence and the establishment of Harvard College to the rise of public schooling championed by Horace Mann. Delve into key legislation that shaped education, such as the Morrill Land Grant Act and NCLB, and examine the tension between religious and secular education. Discover influential educational philosophies, including pragmatism, behaviorism, and progressive methods from great thinkers like John Dewey and Maria Montessori. Understand the foundations of education and their impact on today's learning environment.

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American School History

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  1. American School History The History of American Education

  2. When I think of Puritans, I think most of… • The first Thanksgiving • Stern, hateful people • People like me • Religious intolerance

  3. Varieties of Colonial Schooling • Dame School • Apprenticeships • In loco parentis • Latin Grammar School

  4. Old Deluder Satan Law • 1636 • Establishment of Harvard College • 1647 • Every town of 50 households…. • Every town of 100 households…. • Response to a generational problem.

  5. The Colonial Experience • Local Control of Schools • Compulsory Education • Tax-supported schools • State Standards • Also established “permanently” the tension between religious and secular influences in school classrooms in America

  6. National Identity and Education • Thomas Jefferson – educated citizenry for democracy • University of Virginia • Benjamin Franklin – practical and nonsectarian education Franklin Academy – University of Pennsylvania

  7. The Constitution • Expressed Powers vs. Delegated Powers Tenth Amendment: “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited to it by the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people”

  8. Nevertheless…. • The United States has a long tradition of federal involvement in public education. We will see some of these instances and realities in chapters to come. • Titles (Ten) • ADA • IDEA • NCLB

  9. I like the idea of federal involvement in public education…. • Very much • Some • Not so much • Not at all

  10. The Common School • Horace Mann • “Common” as in common features, not as in for “common people.” • Still, Mann’s efforts made standardized education available for more Americans. • Rise of the public “elementary school.”

  11. The Normal School • Preparation for Teachers – standardized • Influence of Horace Mann • UMD has its origins in the spread and proliferation of “normal schools.” • State and Local funding. • Standardization

  12. Land Ordinance &Northwest Ordinance –1785-87 Morrill Land Grant College Acts 1862-90 Smith Hughes Act --1917 GI Bill --1944 National Defense Education Act -- 1958 ESEA – 1965 Head Start – 1964 Bilingual EA 1968-01 Title IX 1972 IDEA 1973 NCLB 2001 Federal Legislation

  13. “Schoolography” • What do you know of the history of schools in your home community? • Portfolio Reflection…..

  14. Education in the West in “Big Picture Sense” • Classical Models of Greece and Rome • Religious Traditions and Education • Renaissance Values • European Values • Renaissance • Enlightenment • Romanticism

  15. American Pragmatism • William James • Charles Sanders Peirce • Late nineteenth century • Orientation toward sense, perception, empiricism – led to Philosophy of Pragmatism

  16. Rousseau • Enligtenment vs. Romantic • Conception of Nature • Conception of the Child • The ultimate education • Emile

  17. Friedrich Froebel / Maria Montessori • Continental Practitioners and Theorists • Profound influence on American early elementary education • The Kindergarten • The Montessori Method

  18. John Dewey • Pragmatism • Experience and Pedagogy • Student-Centered • Progressivism • Democratic Ideals • Provocative and oft misunderstood

  19. Piaget • Reorganizing our conception of child development and psychology. • Cognitive stage theory: • Sensorimotor • Preoperational • Concrete Operations • Formal Operations • Profound effect on teacher preparation curriculum and curriculum in elementary schools

  20. B.F. Skinner • Behaviorism • Education analogized to laboratory experiments • Reinforcement Theory • Positive, Negative rewards • Behavior Modification

  21. I would want my 5-6 year-old to… • Stay out of school • Be home schooled • Be in a demanding academic skills program • Be in a traditional kindergarten • Be in a Montessori program

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