The 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic

1. The 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic Svetlana Degteva Tatiana Pystina Institute of Biology Komi Science Centre Syktyvkar, Russia

2. ‘Rare and threatened animals and plants of the Komi ASSR’ (1982) Main list: 30 species of animals: 5 fishes, 2 reptiles, 14 birds, 9 mammals; 126 species of plants: 108 flowering plants, 18 ferns. Care demanding: 29 species of animals: 7 fishes, 18 birds, 4 mammals; 185 species of plants: 162 flowering plants, 4 ferns, 19 mosses.

3. The Red Data Book of the Komi Republic (1998) The first official publication of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic was established by the Decree of the Head of the Komi Republic dated by May 18, 1998 № 175.

4. Criteria : - a small number of habitats on the territory of the Komi Republic; - situation of a species on its distribution border; - the inclusion of a species into the Red Data Book of the IUCN, the Red Data Books of the former USSR and Russia; - an endemic or relict species. The 1998 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic Threat categories (IUCN PlantRedDataBook, 1978) : 0 (Ex) – extinct or probably extinct species; 1 (E) – endangered species, with a critical level of numbers; 2 (V) – rare and vulnerable species, with reducing numbers; 3(R) – rare species, with small total populations and restricted geographical habitats; 4 (I) – indeterminate species, additional information needed. 5 (Cd) –relatively common species but have decreased dramatically under anthropogenic impacts (officinal, ornamental plants), care demanding (plants). 5 – restoring and being restored species. Taxa and populations whose numbers and distribution areas started to restore naturally or artificially and are close to the status when they would not need special protection and reproduction measures (animals).

5. The 1998 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic

6. From 1998 to 2008, the data on biological features, numbers, and habitatsof plants and animals included into the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic were collected, classified and analyzed. That work was generally coordinated by the Ministry of Nature Resources and Environmental Protection of the Komi Republic. The scientists of the Institute of Biology and the Pechora-Ilych zapovednik inventoried flora and fauna for early identification of threatened species and organization of corresponding protection measures. Inventory of nature protected areas with local populations of many red-listed species was given high attention. 164 regional nature protected areas (from 237) have been inventoried . At present biodoversity inventory of NPA’s system under UNDP/GEF umbrella is finished.

7. Nature protected areas of the Komi Republic 240 in total including: zapovednik - 1 national park - 1 preserves - 164 nature monuments – 73 protected landscape - 1 Total area ~ 5.4 million ha (~ 13% of the territory of the Komi Republic).

8. The 2009 Red Data Bookof the Komi Republic The Order and the 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic were prepared according to the “Manual of Red Data Book Keeping for the subject of the Russian Federation” (2006) developed by the Ministry of Nature Resources of the Russian Federation. The lists of plant and animal species to be included into the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic were established by the Order of the Ministry of Nature Resources and Environmental Protection of the Komi Republic dated by February 12, 2008 № 79. Publication of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic followed the work of the Ministry of Nature of the Komi Republic concerning normative legal regulation in that sphere. From 2006-2008, 6 legal acts were carried within the frames of that work, including 1 Law of the Komi Republic, 1 Decree of the Head of the Komi Republic, 1 executive order of the Government of the Komi Republic, and 3 orders of Nature Resources and Environmental Protection of the Komi Republic.

9. The 2009 Red Data Bookof the Komi Republic Threat categories: 0 – Extinct or probably extinct. Species (subspecies, populations) earlier known to inhabit the terrain of the Komi Republic whose presence in the wild of the region is not certain now (for invertebrates – for the last 100 years and for vertebrates – for the last 50 years). 1 – Endangered.Species (subspecies, populations) whose numbers have been reduced to a critical level or whose habitats have been so drastically reduced that they are deemed to be in immediate danger of vanishing. 2 – Vulnerable.Species (subspecies, populations) with steadily reducing numbers which are believed likely to move into the Endangered category (1) in the near future if the casual factors continue operating. 3 – Rare.Species (subspecies, populations) are at risk because of small total populations within the area of concern. These taxa are usually localized within restricted geographical areas or habitats or are thinly scattered over a more extensive range. 4 – Indeterminate. Species (subspecies, populations) are known to be Extinct (0), Endangered (1), Vulnerable (2) or Rare (3) but there is not enough information to say which of the categories is appropriate. 5 – Restoring and being restored. Species (subspecies, populations) whose numbers and distribution areas started to restore naturally or artificially and are close to the status when they would not need special conservation and protection measures.

10. The 2009 Red Data Bookof the Komi Republic

11. Fungi Included into the Red Data Book – 42 species Totally in the Komi Republic – 929 species Sarcosoma globosum Grifola frondosa Ganoderma lucidum

12. Lichens Included into the Red Data Book – 82 species Totally in the Komi Republic – more than 1200 species Heterodermia speciosa Lobaria pulmonaria Usnea longissima

13. Bryophyta Included into the Red Data Book – 71 species Totally in the Komi Republic – 653 species Neckera pennata

14. Vascular plants Included into the Red Data Book – 236 species Totally in the Komi Republic – 1217 species Linum boreale Anemonastrum biarmiense Gypsophila uralensis

15. Invertebrate animals Included into the Red Data Book - 54 species Totally in the Komi Republic - about 10 000 species Papilo machaon Carabus nitens Myrmeleon formicarius

16. Vertebrate animals Included into the Red Data Book – 46 species Totally in the Komi Republic – 44 fish, 6 amphibian, 5 reptiles, 265 birds, and 57 mammals Plecotus auritus Salamandrella keiserlingii Thymallus arcticus

17. Annexes to the 2009 Red Data Book of the Komi Republic Annex 1. The annotated list of care demanding plant and animal species 114 plant species 77 animal species Annex 2. Species excluded from the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic 66 plant species 11 animal species

18. The 2009 Red Data Book was significantly enlarged concerning morphological description of species, information on their distribution world-wide, in Russia and in the Komi Republic, their habitats and biological features. The available data on their population numbers were included, the limiting factors and threats – identified, information on accepted protection measures – summarized and suggestions about required protection measures – introduced. Information on protection of a species on the territory of the Russian Federation and its subjects adjacent with the Komi Republic is given. Original illustrations and sketch-maps of habitats follow the text. The sketch-maps show distribution of a species in a net of quadrates 100 х 100 km by the observation data of authors and found samples, as well as by the literature data.

19. Ganoderma lucidum Ecosystems of NPA’S are the key habitats of many rare species, which are protected in the Komi Republic Кастиллея арктическая Башмачок настоящий Gypsophila uralensis Usnealongissima

20. Number of rare species at the NPA’s of the Komi Republic

21. КАРТА ПРЕДСТАВЛЕННОСТИ МЕСТООБИТАНИЙ РЕДКИХ ВИДОВ НА ООПТ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ Map of the rare species distribution in the NPA of the Komi Republic 21

22. Ecosystems of Pechora-Ilych zapovednik, National park “Ugud va”, reserves “Pizhemskyi”, “Belaya Kedva”, “Soivinskyi”, “Unjinskyi”, “Martushevskoe”, “Usinskyi” are of greate walue for biodiversity protection on local (Komi Republic), regional(Russian Federation) and international levels.

23. Experience • Expert groups were formed, monitoring of some rare species populations has been started • Detail inventory of plant cover, flora and fauna at the NPAs have been conducted • The Data about new found habitats of rare species have been summarized • Interactive version of the Red Data Book of the Komi Republic has been created

24. Problems • Absence united criteria of rare species in Russian Federation and EU • Local NPA’s system of the Komi Republic doesn’t totally correspond to international criteria • Absence of local strategy and practical approaches to conservation of rare species’ native populations • Budget deficit for nature conservation • Deficit of data about trends of nature ecosystems changes, status and dynamics of rare species populations • Bad coordination of scientific and education organizations, local government in the field of nature resources using and conservation • Insufficient degree of formation of environmental outlook of the population, including the people responsible for making management decisions

25. Actual aims • Collection and analysis of data about habitats and populations of rare plants, animals, fungi, trends of their number and areas dynamics • Regular monitoring of rare plants, animals, fungi populations • Keep the information in Data Base “Red Data Book of the Komi Republic” • Coordinationof research work with scientific institutes and specialists from neighboring regions • Conservation of rare species key habitats in situ, developinglocal NPA’s system • Conservation of rare species ex situ, in vitro

26. Thank you for attention!