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Concept Summary Holloway High School Physics

Electric Circuits. Concept Summary Holloway High School Physics. Circuit Schematics. A schematic diagram is a symbolic representation of a circuit. A symbol represents each item in the circuit Lines represent wires (paths for charges). Circuit Symbols. Three Types of Circuits. Series

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Concept Summary Holloway High School Physics

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  1. Electric Circuits Concept Summary Holloway High School Physics

  2. Circuit Schematics • A schematic diagram is a symbolic representation of a circuit. • A symbol represents each item in the circuit • Lines represent wires (paths for charges).

  3. Circuit Symbols

  4. Three Types of Circuits • Series • Parallel • Compound

  5. Series Circuits • Series circuits have 1 path for charges to flow.

  6. Series Circuits • Voltage may be different across different objects in a series circuit. • Sum of the individual voltages = source voltage • Current is the same in all parts of a series circuit. • If one “goes out”, they all “go out”

  7. Parallel Circuits • A parallel circuit has two or more paths for charges to move.

  8. Parallel Circuits • Voltage is the same across each element in a parallel circuit. • Current may vary through different elements in a parallel circuit. • Sum of the individual currents = source current. • If one “goes out”, the other “stays lit”.

  9. Compound Circuits • A compound circuit has both series and parallel parts.

  10. Adding Resistance in Series • When you add resistance in series: • Total resistance increases • Current decreases

  11. Equivalent Series Circuits • Rseries = R1 + R2 = 10 Ω + 10 Ω = 10 Ω

  12. Adding Resistance in Parallel • When you add resistance in parallel: • Total resistance decreases • Current increases

  13. Equivalent Parallel Circuits • 1/Rparallel = 1/R1 + 1/R2 • 1/Rparallel = 1/20 Ω + 1/20 Ω = 2/20 Ω • 1/Rparallel =1/10 Ω • Rparallel = 10 Ω

  14. Adding Resistance in Compound Circuits • A compound circuit has both series and parallel parts, but one adds resistances as shown above.

  15. Adding Resistance in Compound Circuits • Rcompound = R1 + R2 + [1/(1/R3 + 1/R4)] • Rc = 10 Ω + 10 Ω + [1/(1/20 Ω +1/20 Ω)] • Rc = 20 Ω + [1(2/20 Ω)] = 20 Ω + 10 Ω • Rc = 30 Ω • Draw the equivalent circuit.

  16. Household Circuits • Household circuits are: • parallel circuits • Typically designed to carry 15 Amperes of current - maximum.

  17. Overloading Circuits • Since adding resistance to a parallel circuit causes current to increase, adding appliances to a household circuit causes current in the house wiring to increase. • This means wires must dissipate more heat energy (P = I2R).

  18. Short Circuits • A short circuit is a very low resistance path in a circuit. • A short circuit will also cause large amounts of current to flow in a circuit and overload the circuit.

  19. Fuses & Circuit Breakers • Fuses & circuit breakers act as automatic switches in a circuit to prevent dangerous currents from flowing.

  20. The End

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