Evaluation of Inappropriate Urination in a 4-Year-Old Female Spayed Hound: Diagnostic Considerations
A 4-year-old female spayed hound presents with inappropriate urination. No significant lab findings are noted; she walked in without prior indicators. Differential diagnoses include urinary tract infections, calculi, and tumors. Recommended diagnostics comprise blood work (CBC, Chemistry), urinalysis, urine culture, radiographs, and ultrasound. Radiopaque calculi and signs of cystitis may present as echogenicities on ultrasound. Neoplasia such as transitional cell carcinoma should also be considered. Detailed history and further questioning are essential to clarify the condition.
Evaluation of Inappropriate Urination in a 4-Year-Old Female Spayed Hound: Diagnostic Considerations
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Presentation Transcript
Signalment – 4 year old female spayed Hound Presenting Complaint – Inappropriate Urination Lab findings – None she just walked in your door Possible Tests to rule out Ddx – Blood work (CBC, Chem), urinalysis, urine culture, radiographs, Ultrasound U/S Ddx – Calculi, tumors, cystitis(possible UTI) History
Radiopaque or radiolucent calculi are seen as hyperechoic focal echogenicities that shadow in the dependent portion of the bladder Are usually located in the dependent portion of the bladder but may adhere to the wall with severe inflammation Calculi
Suspended with bladder agitation Sediment
Typically Cranioventral Can be generalized if severe If the bladder is not fully distended the wall may appear thicker cystitis
Infection with E. Coli Infection with Clostidium species Diabetes Mellitus The gas bubbles will follow the wall contour Can be confirmed by radiographs – lucencies associated with the bladder emphysematous cystitis
Polyps are rare Must be confirmed by biopsy Neoplasia more common Polyps
Transitional Cell Carcinoma Trigone and Urethra
Most common bladder tumor in dogs Focal wall thickening, could have generalized thickness (diffuse tumor) Fixed mass extending into the lumen of the bladder U/S guided catheter biopsy – lesion pushed to catheter by transducer pressure or cystoscopy Check iliac LN and thoracic rads Transitional Cell Carcinoma
To differential Ddx – remember moving objects will settle to the dependent part of the bladder. Dorsal in down, ventral is up. Sampling for TCC - No aspirates Inappropriate urination could be behavioral, pollakiuria, PU/PD, stranguria (ask more questions to clarify) Keep in mind
