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Housing problems in HK

Hong Kong faces severe housing issues characterized by overcrowding, substandard living conditions, and socio-economic disparities. As a developed city, it struggles with congested living spaces, risk of fires, noise, and air pollution, largely affecting the poor and new migrants. The long history of urban decay and ineffective government policies exacerbate these challenges. Case studies reveal lessons from past crises, like the Shek Kip Mei fire, highlighting the need for improved urban renewal strategies, new town developments, and effective legislation to aid housing solutions.

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Housing problems in HK

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  1. Housing problems in HK

  2. The common housing problem in developed cities • Overcrowding: congested living condition e.g. lack of privacy • Substandard housing: poor internal and public amenities • Poor living conditions e.g. risk of fire, noise & air pollution • Socio-economic problems • e.g. many people live in slums, squatters and cage houses, crime e.g. new migrants, the aged and the poor

  3. Reasons behind the problem • Long history of development in inner city • Suburbanization and urban city decay • Economic prosperity • Migrants from developing countries • Government Policies on Housing & Rental control

  4. Housing problems in HK A history

  5. Case study in HK • The Shek Kip Mei fire (1953) - a disastrous fire swept through a squatter camp, leaving > 50000 homeless • The era of re-housing people (1950s) - > 2 million in the mid-1950s - self-help concepts? Why or why not? • Development of public housing and the new towns, Home Ownership Scheme, setting up of the Housing Authority (1970s-1990s) • Subsidized scheme (1990s-2000s) e.g. My Home Purchase Scheme

  6. Other cases

  7. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia • Squatter settlement problems • 1. Relocation housing scheme • 2. Upgrading schemes • 3. Sites and services schemes e.g. World Bank (self-help scheme) • The lesson we learn from this case for Egypt and Kenya?

  8. Singapore • Impressive one • E.g. the supporting policies Refer to T.B. Place 60, p.450-451

  9. How about the MDCs? • E.g. Birmingham, UK • E.g. Los Angeles, USA • The basic problems?

  10. Solution • 1) Urban Renewal/ Redevelopment • 2) New Town Development

  11. Urban Redevelopment • In May 2001, the Urban Renewal Authority (URA)was established • It is a statutory body • Taking up the tasks of urban redevelopment in HK

  12. Urban Renewal Authority • FOUR directions • The 4Rs are Redevelopment, Rehabilitation, pReservation and Revitalisation

  13. Purposes • To improve the living and built environment in inner city by providing more open space and other public amenities • To reduce population density, housing density and transport problems in inner city

  14. Purposes • To demolish the slums and squatter settlements • To build new buildings under supervision and planning • To have a balanced & well-planned land uses

  15. Difficulties • Huge cost • Resumption of land Time & money consuming Need to preserve those old buildings with historical and architectural values Complex house/land ownership

  16. Difficulties • Rehousing problems The poor can not afford to move Old tenants are reluctant to move due to strong sense of belonging

  17. Solution • Legislation arrangements to help land acquisition • Reasonable compensation • Provision of some public housing units

  18. New Town Development • Accommodate the overspill population • Pleasant environment and amenities • Provide jobs • Maintain a balanced socio-economic composition of population

  19. Problems • Difficult to persuade • Increase urban encroachment • Land use conflict

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