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Solutions to housing problems

Solutions to housing problems. Cases of MDCs and LDCs cities. Solutions to housing problems in MDCs. 2. 1. development of new town / satellite town / self – contained settlement 9 new towns of 3 generations in HK

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Solutions to housing problems

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  1. Solutions to housing problems Cases of MDCs and LDCs cities

  2. Solutions to housing problems in MDCs 2 1. development of new town / satellite town / self – contained settlement • 9 new towns of 3 generations in HK 2. Urban renewalremove slums in the inner city rehouse over spilling population

  3. New town development • first generation new towns: Tsuen Wan, Shatin, Tuen Mun • second generation new towns: Tai Po, Fanling/Sheung Shui, Yuen Long • third generation new towns: Tseung Kwan O, Tin Shui Wai, Tung Chung

  4. New Development areas (NDA) • Kwu Tung North, Fanling North, Ping Che/Ta Kwu Ling (3 in 1scheme) • Hung Shui Kiu

  5. Problems of Setting up new towns 4 1. Tremendous sum of investment funds - deficits / inflation 2. Huge volume of administration and manage work / burder 3. Resident in housing estates - gaining for much benefits 4. difficult to resettlement in new town - not completed infrastructure 5. transport problems between inner city and new towns social problems 6. new town = juvenile delinquency inner city = aging problems 7. new houses, rent ↑ , housing problem worsened

  6. Urban renewal 3 • It is the redevelopment or regeneration of older districts, whose environmental conditions are considered to be below the current expectation • Change of land uses: residential  commercial or industrial  residential / commercial

  7. Before and after renewal

  8. Purposes of urban renewal • improvement of urban morphology, i.e. neat arrangement of tall buildings with wider roads and easier accessibility • in line of the principles of sustainable development • reduction in plot ratio / building density • preservation of heritage / skyline / coastline • solution of shortage problems of open space and community facilities • provision of more useful land for the developers • redistribution of urban poulation to new towns in suburbs

  9. Problems of urban renewal • piecemeal in nature • preserved for cultural and historical reasons • landowners wait for higher market price • difficult to trace property ownership • expensive and time-consuming , high compensation cost • Requisition by force arouses serious political controversies and social unrest • rehouse / resettlement

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  11. 2003 灣仔重建計劃 5

  12. 2000 Diamond Hill Clearance 11

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  15. Solutions to housing problems in LDC 14 • Upgrade the squatters and shanty town -through financial aids from government -loans from the World Bank

  16. Case: 15 In Zambia the city council has cooperated with squatter settlement to provide fresh water supplies • In Colombia • the low cost housing is being built by the poor people with the materials provided by the government

  17. Kenya, self-help scheme 16

  18. 17 However • considerable amount of money • demand for housing high

  19. 18 2. Increase Job Opportunities in Rural Sector • slow down rural – urban migration • stem the growth of slums • Case: • In Zambia，Operation of food production program

  20. 3. Control the migratory flows 19 • encouraging the foreign investments and public expenditure in small cities • ↓ pressure on houses in primate city ↓ 4. Birth control

  21. Case Discussion Urban Problem (Housing Problems) in LDC 20

  22. Functional Zones in LDCs 21 POOR a Brazilian city POOR RICH

  23. Functional Zonesin LDCs 22 Inner Zone • Traffic congestion • Large and luxurious apartments • Modern high-rise buildings

  24. 23 Outer Zone • lower-class zone • migrants from rural areas live there • this is shanty town without adequate basic amenities

  25. CASES – Shanty settlements 24 Calcutta，India • tens of thousands people / 60% population live in squatters with wattle and mud(in1996)

  26. Calcutta 25

  27. 26 Rio de Janeiro，Brazil • 30% of population live in shanty towns in1996 • on hillsides (fire/landslides) • Shanty houses are constructed from wood corrugated iron • no running water，electricity

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  29. Other problems 28 • Lack of social welfare and facilities • Lack of clean drinking water– give rise to cholera • Public transport systems is outdated and poor • Unemployment/ crime

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