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Multiculturalism. Rosemary Blank, Wynonia Burke, Donna Cratsenburg- Scott, Sheila Millen. University of Phoenix MAT 501 Sebastian J. Romeo February 28, 2006. Multiculturalism Outline page 1 of 2. Multicultural Education Trend Description of Trend Working Definition Contributing Factors
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Multiculturalism Rosemary Blank, Wynonia Burke, Donna Cratsenburg- Scott, Sheila Millen University of Phoenix MAT 501 Sebastian J. Romeo February 28, 2006
MulticulturalismOutline page 1 of 2 • Multicultural EducationTrend • Description of Trend • Working Definition • Contributing Factors • Purpose • History • Multicultural ; The “New” Trend • Affirmative Action • Multiculturalism Around the World • Multiculturismvs.Division
MulticulturalismOutlinepage2 of 2 • Multiculturalism The Student • The Student Perspective • Multiculturalism Cultural Diversity Reflected in School Population • Disciplinary Difficulties • Diversity in Special Education • Multicultural Curriculum • Debate over Multicultural Curriculum • Perspective Predictions for the Next Two Decades • What the Future Will Require • What the Future Will Require
Description of TrendWorking Definition • A progressive approach for transforming education. • Is grounded in ideals of social justice, education equity. • A dedication to facilitating educational experiences. • All students reach their full potential as learners and as social beings. • Schools are essential to laying the foundation for the transformation of society . Gorski, 1995-2006
Multicultural EducationTrendsContributing Factors Population growth and diversity • The numbers of school age children are growing at a steady rate. • Cultural and Socioeconomic differences • Working parents, Single parents, Need for child care • Motivation of children, Personal educational experience of parent • No Child Left Behind 2000-2008
Multicultural EducationTrendsPurpose • Increase cultural and racial awareness and tolerance and reducing biases. • Research on learning styles to enhance student achievement and reduce bias tensions within the classroom. • Emphasize pluralism and cultural equity in the American society as a whole.
Multicultural The “New” Trend • Civil War (1861 -1865) • Women's Rights or the Suffrage Movement (Late 19th Century – Early 20th Century) (Vote 1920) • Child Labor Laws (1938) • Civil Rights Movement (1955 – 1965) • Affirmative Action (1965) • No Child Left Behind (2000)
Multiculturismvs.Division Historian Diane Ravitch observes that nations composed of rival tribes are prone to disintegrate. To cohere, the United States must "identify and build a common culture that overrides all of our particularities." Williams, 1993
Multiculturalism: The Student Perspective • Most students interested in learning about other cultures • Teachers who teach tolerance encourage tolerance in students • Nearly half of students think schools effectively improve immigrants’ English • Students divided on perception of adequate ethic makeup of teachers
Cultural DiversityReflected in School Population • Minority population in public schools increased from 29.8% to 38.8% between 1986 and 2000 • Foreign language speakers doubled from 1979 to 1999 • Teachers feel unprepared to teach diverse student population
Disciplinary Difficulties • Inconsistent consequences for some minorities • Some cultures feel alienated • Too few multicultural teachers leads to problems (and the perpetuation of racial stereotypes)
Diversity in Special Education • Ignorance and bias lead to special education placement • High numbers of culturally linguistically diverse (CLD) students leads to challenges for teachers • Educators struggle to meet standards and remain sensitive to students’ needs • Too few special education teachers from diverse backgrounds • Made worse by overall shortage of teachers in this area
Debate over Multicultural Curriculum Supporters say diversity is about social justice • “celebrating diversity” not enough • Equalize conditions for student learning Critics say multicultural curriculum is “educationally bankrupt”. • Western ideas must be left out to make room for additions from other cultures. Noll, 2001
Predictions for the Next Two Decades • Children of color will account for 46% of nations school age children • 27% of those will be poor • Some gains made in closing racial inequality gap • Poor will continue to experience inequality in education • Continued shortage of teachers from diverse backgrounds (Collier, Combs, Cummins, Garcia, Ovando, 2002)
What the Future Will Require • Shift in attitudes of educators • Getting public to understand benefits of immigration • Develop curriculum that promotes diversity • Schools of tomorrow need to be more sensitive to cultural differences
References Age-old hostilities boil over: Iraq gets a frightening look at what civil war might look like, Time.com (2006, February 26) (Retrieved February 26, 2006) http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/02/26/time.iraq/index.html?section=cnn_topstories&eref=yahoo. Banks, J. A. (1994). An Introduction to Multicultural Education. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. New York. ( Retrieved February 24, 2006) http://www.ericdigests.org/1995-1/multicultural.htm Burnett, Gary (1994, June). Varieties of Multicultural Education: An Introduction. ERIC Digest 98. New York. (Retrieved February 24, 2006) http://www.ericdigests.org/1995-1/multicultural.htm Collier, V., & Combs, M.,& Cummings, J.,& Garcia, E.,& Ovando, C.(2002). Bilingual and ESL Classrooms: Teaching in Multicultural Context. McGraw-Hill Companies Gorski, Paul C. (1995). (Retrieved February 24, 2006) http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/resources/self_critique.html Gorski, Paul C. (1995). (Retrieved February 24, 2006)http://www.edchange.org/multicultural/initial.html Holloway, J. (2003). Managing Culturally Diverse Classrooms. Educational Leadership, 61 (1), 90-91. (Retrieved from EBSCO Host February 21, 2006) Kea, C. & Utley, C. (1998). To teach me is to know me. Journal of Special Education, 32(1), 44-47. (Retrieved from EBSCO Host February 21, 2006).
References (con’t) Multiculturalism – What Do Students Think?, Education World, Inc. (1997, December 1) (Retrieved February 21, 2006) http://www.educationworld.com Noguera,P., (1999).Confronting the Challenge of Diversity in Education .In Motion Magazine Noll, J., (2001) Taking Sides: Clashing Views on Controversial Education Issues. McGraw Hill Companies Peterson, Abby (1992). Paradoxes of multiculturalism. Acta Sociologica, 35.3, 261-263. Retrieved from EBSCO Host February 23, 2006. Sussman,Paul (2000) Conflict and hope in Northern Ireland: Breaking the cycle of violence, CNN.com (Retrieved February 26, 2006) http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/n.ireland/overview.html Sykes, Marquita. The Origins of Affirmative Action. (Retrieved February 26, 2006) http://www.now.org/nnt/08-95/affirmhs.html. Tyler, N. et al. (2004). Cultural and Linguistic Diversity and the Special Education Workforce: A Critical Overview. The Journal of Special Education, 38(1). (Retrieved from EBSCO Host February 21, 2006). Williams, David R. (1993, June) John Winthrop and the Origins of American Multiculturalism: A Plea against Balkanization. (Retrieved February 23, 1006)http://mason.gmu.edu/~drwillia/winthrop.html Yellowitz, Irwin. Child labor, The Reader's Companion to American History. (Retrieved February 26, 2006) http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_016300_childlabor.htm.
Multicultural EducationHyperlinks Handout • Hyperlinks • http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/development/piaget.shtml • http://www.selfhelpmagazine.com/articles/child_behavior/moraldevchild.html • http://www.childdevelopmentinfo.com/learning/multiple_intelligences.htm • http://www.whitehouse.gov • http://library.umd.umich.edu/ • http://www.sonoma.edu/users/p/phelan/433/chap10.htm • http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/articles.html • http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/practices.html • http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/ • http://www.coping.org/write/C6035humandev/Lectures/lecture11earlysocemodev.ppt • http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgibin/abstract/90512574/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0