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Tensions and Triumphs of Abolitionism: 1850-1860

Between 1850 and 1860, rising tensions regarding slavery fueled the abolitionist movement in the North. Influential figures like Frederick Douglass, a runaway slave turned leader, and William Lloyd Garrison, editor of *The Liberator*, mobilized support against slavery. The Underground Railroad, an intricate network that aided 70,000-100,000 fugitives, showcased the collaboration of abolitionists and free blacks. However, legislation like the Compromise of 1850 and the Kansas-Nebraska Act intensified conflicts, culminating in violent episodes like “Bleeding Kansas.” John Brown's audacious actions ignited further debate about morality and fanaticism in the fight for freedom.

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Tensions and Triumphs of Abolitionism: 1850-1860

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  1. Rising Tensions. . . 1850-1860

  2. Abolitionism • Spreads in North • Frederick Douglass: runaway slave becomes abolitionist leader • William Lloyd Garrison: editor of abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator • Underground Railroad: elaborate network of white abolitionists, free blacks and slaves (NOT just Harriet Tubman!) • Total number of fugitives assisted by the URR b/w 1830-1860 is anywhere between 70,000 and 100,000.

  3. Compromise of 1850 • California wants to be a free state • But the South assumed it wouldn’t be So. . . • California will be free, BUT • Utah and New Mexico will vote on slavery • Fugitive Slave Law: meant to appease South; many Northerners feel it turns them into slave-catchers. . .

  4. Kansas-Nebraska Act 1850 • Proposed by Stephen Douglas • People in Nebraska Territory will vote on whether to have slavery or not (popular sovereignty) Sounds like a good idea, BUT • Anti-slavery (Freesoilers: poor farmers who couldn’t compete with slave-owners) and pro-slavery forces stream in. . . • Mini- civil war: “Bleeding Kansas”

  5. John Brown • Abolitionist • Involved in the Underground Railroad • Moves to Kansas to support the anti-slavery cause • Responds to violence by proslavery men by organizing the murder of 5 proslavery settlers: Pottowatomie Creek Massacre

  6. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry • Planned a raid on a Federal arsenal • Wanted to distribute weapons to slaves • Didn’t happen: Brown and his men were mostly captured or killed within 36 hours • Brown was ultimately hanged

  7. Today’s Question Abraham Lincoln called Brown a “misguided fanatic.” Do YOU think John Brown was a “misguided fanatic?” Misguided: confused Fanatic: extremist

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