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Understanding Nuclear Chemistry: The Basics of Fission and Fusion Reactions

Nuclear chemistry involves the study of the atomic nucleus, its composition, and the processes of fission and fusion. The nucleus, comprised of protons and neutrons, can exist in various isotopes, leading to instability. Fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into smaller fragments resulting in significant energy release, often used in nuclear bombs. In contrast, fusion is the process of combining lighter nuclei, like hydrogen isotopes into helium, which requires extremely high temperatures found in stars. This review covers the fundamentals of these nuclear reactions.

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Understanding Nuclear Chemistry: The Basics of Fission and Fusion Reactions

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  1. Unit 14: Nuclear Chemistry Section 1: “It’s da bomb!” – Fission and Fusion Reactions

  2. Quick Review • Nucleus • Centermost part of an atom • Surrounded by electrons at different energy levels • Composed of protons and neutrons • Protons – Positive Charge • Neutrons – Neutral Charge • Electrons – Negative Charge

  3. Atomic Structure Atomic Mass 35 17 Atomic Number In nuclear chemistry, a quick symbol may be used to describe an atom… Cl However, not every atom is going to be perfect !

  4. The Imperfect Atom  235 236 92 92 • An isotope is an atom that has a different number of neutrons from the original atom and therefore a different mass number. U + 1 neutron  U • When an atom becomes an isotope, it is VERY UNSTABLE! • An unstable nucleus is likely to split apart or fuse with another nucleus, depending on the circumstances resulting in nuclear fission or nuclear fusion.

  5. Fission Reactions • Nuclear Fission – the process where the nuclei of an isotope is struck with a neutron and splits into smaller fragments. • This splitting of nuclei creates an enormous amount of energy

  6. Nuclear Fission – Chain Reaction

  7. Fission Reaction – The Nuclear Bomb

  8. Fusion Reactions 2 1 3 1 4 2 • Nuclear Fusion – the combination of two nuclei to create a nucleus with a greater mass. • On the sun, Hydrogenisotopes fuse to form Heliumatoms. • Fusion only occurs at VERY high temperatures • 40,000,000 ˚C • Does this appear to be a possible energy source here on Earth? H + H  He + Neutron + ENERGY!!!

  9. Nuclear Fusion H He H 4 2 2 1 3 1

  10. Fission vs. Fusion Reactions

  11. Summary Summarize the idea of nuclear chemistry and the topics of fusion and fission. Write in complete sentences… and remember you WILL have an audience for this writing (a partner) so think carefully about what you write! 

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