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Understanding RGB Color Representation in Computer Graphics

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This lecture explores the RGB color model fundamental to computer graphics, detailing how colors are mixed through red, green, and blue light additions. It covers the principles of color cube representations, gamma correction, and techniques for manipulating color intensities, such as making colors darker and paler with code examples. The lecture also explains the Portable Pixmap Format (PPM) for color representation in files, emphasizing its structure and usage. Gain insights into how RGB values dictate color perception in digital displays.

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Understanding RGB Color Representation in Computer Graphics

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  1. CS U540Computer Graphics Prof. Harriet Fell Spring 2009 Lecture 4 - January 12, 2009

  2. Color www.thestagecrew.com

  3. Red, Green, and Blue Light

  4. Adding R, G, and B Values http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGB

  5. From the Hubble Hubble Site Link

  6. (0, 0, 1) (0, 1, 1) (1, 0, 1) (1, 1, 1) (1, 0, 0) (0, 1, 0) (1, 1, 0) RGB Color Cube

  7. (0, 0, 1) (1, 0, 1) (0, 1, 1) (0, 0, 0) (0, 1, 0) (1, 0, 0) (1, 1, 0) RGB Color Cube The Dark Side

  8. Doug Jacobson's RGB Hex Triplet Color Chart

  9. Making Colors Darker (1, 0, 0) (0, 0, 0) (.5, 0, 0) (0, 1, 0) (0, 0, 0) (0, .5, 0) (0, 0, 1) (0, 0, 0) (0, 0, .5) (0, 1, 1) (0, 0, 0) (0, .5, .5) (1, 0, 1) (0, 0, 0) (.5, 0, .5) (0, 0, 0) (.5, .5, 0) (1, 1, 0)

  10. Getting Darker, Left to Right for (int b = 255; b >= 0; b--){ c = new Color(b, 0, 0); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(800+3*(255-b), 50, 3, 150); c = new Color(0, b, 0); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(800+3*(255-b), 200, 3, 150); c = new Color(0, 0, b); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(800+3*(255-b), 350, 3, 150); c = new Color(0, b, b); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(800+3*(255-b), 500, 3, 150); c = new Color(b, 0, b); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(800+3*(255-b), 650, 3, 150); c = new Color(b, b, 0); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(800+3*(255-b), 800, 3, 150); }

  11. Gamma Correction • Generally, the displayed intensity is not linear in the input (0  a  1). • dispIntensity = (maxIntensity)a • To find  • Find a that gives you .5 intensity • Solve .5 = a •  = ln(.5) ln(a)

  12. Gamma Correction • Gamma half black half red (127, 0, 0)

  13. Making Pale Colors (1, 0, 0) (1, 1, 1) (1, .5, .5) (0, 1, 0) (1, 1, 1) (.5, 1, .5) (0, 0, 1) (1, 1, 1) (.5, .5, 1) (0, 1, 1) (1, 1, 1) (.5, 1, 1) (1, 0, 1) (1, 1, 1) (1, .5, 1) (1, 1, 1) (1, 1, .5) (1, 1, 0)

  14. Getting Paler, Left to Right for (int w = 0; w < 256; w++){ c = new Color(255, w, w); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(3*w, 50, 3, 150); c = new Color(w, 255, w); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(3*w, 200, 3, 150); c = new Color(w, w, 255); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(3*w, 350, 3, 150); c = new Color(w, 255, 255); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(3*w, 500, 3, 150); c = new Color(255,w, 255); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(3*w, 650, 3, 150); c = new Color(255, 255, w); g.setPaint(c); g.fillRect(3*w, 800, 3, 150); }

  15. Portable Pixmap Format (ppm) A "magic number" for identifying the file type. • A ppm file's magic number is the two characters "P3". • Whitespace (blanks, TABs, CRs, LFs). • A width, formatted as ASCII characters in decimal. • Whitespace. • A height, again in ASCII decimal. • Whitespace. • The maximum color value again in ASCII decimal. • Whitespace. • Width * height pixels, each 3 values between 0 and maximum value. • start at top-left corner; proceed in normal English reading order • three values for each pixel for red, green, and blue, resp. • 0 means color is off; maximum value means color is maxxed out • characters from "#" to end-of-line are ignored (comments) • no line should be longer than 70 characters

  16. ppm Example P3 # feep.ppm 4 4 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 15 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 7 0 0 0 15 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

  17. private void saveImage() { String outFileName = “my.ppm"; File outFile = new File(outFileName); int clrR, clrG, clrB; try { PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(outFile))); out.println("P3"); out.print(Integer.toString(xmax-xmin+1)); System.out.println(xmax-xmin+1); out.print(" "); out.println(Integer.toString(ymax-ymin+1)); System.out.println(ymax-ymin+1); out.println("255"); for (int y = ymin; y <= ymax; y++){ for (int x = xmin; x <= xmax; x++) { // compute clrR, clrG, clrB out.print(" "); out.print(clrR); out.print(" "); out.print(clrG); out.print(" "); out.println(clrB); } } out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } }

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