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MIDDLE EAST TERMS TO KNOW Judaism Jewish Jew Christianity Christian Christian

MIDDLE EAST TERMS TO KNOW Judaism Jewish Jew Christianity Christian Christian Islam Islamic Muslim Palestine = old name for what is now Israel & West Bank & Gaza Strip Palestinians =Arabs now living in the West Bank & Gaza Strip (former Palestine)

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MIDDLE EAST TERMS TO KNOW Judaism Jewish Jew Christianity Christian Christian

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  1. MIDDLE EAST TERMS TO KNOW Judaism Jewish Jew Christianity Christian Christian Islam Islamic Muslim Palestine = old name for what is now Israel & West Bank & Gaza Strip Palestinians =Arabs now living in the West Bank & Gaza Strip (former Palestine) Israelis = Jews living in Israel Ethnicity = relating to a human group having racial, religious, linguistic, and other traits in common Culture = beliefs, social norms, and traits of a racial, religious, or social group; the features of everyday existence shared by people in a place or time

  2. SUMMARY: The Middle East through Time 1000 BC Jews make Palestine/Israel their homeland 132 AD Jews kicked out of Palestine/Israel by Romans 300 AD Ottoman Turks (Arabic Muslims) move into Palestine/Israel 1100 AD “Crusades” =Christians enter Palestine/Israel 1939-45 AD WWII = Jews persecuted all over Europe; Jews travel to Palestine/Israel

  3. SUMMARY: The Middle East through Time • 1947 AD The UN divides Palestine/Israel into two states- Arab & Jew • 1948 AD Jews make their part of Palestine into “Israel” • = 1st Arab/Israeli War between • Arab Palestinians & Jewish Israelis • Results: • ISRAEL GAINS TERRITORY • ARAB PALESTINIANS ARE REFUGEES • MORE JEWS COME TO ISRAEL • 1964 AD Egypt’s Nasser creates PLO & fighting begins • (Palestinian Liberation Organization)

  4. SUMMARY: The Middle East through Time • 1967 AD Six Day War = 2nd Arab/Israeli War • Results: • ARABS DISCOURAGED • ISRAEL’S SIZE TRIPLES • ISRAEL NOW CONTROLS WEST BANK ARABS • 1973 AD Yom Kippur War = 3rd Arab/Israeli War • Results: • ISRAELIS REMINDED NOT INVINCIBLE • ARABS FEEL STRONGER • PLO SEEKS VIOLENCE • SADAT SEEKS DIPLOMACY= US INVOLVEMENT=EGYPT REGAINS SINAI PENINSULA & BECOMES 1ST ARAB COUNTRY TO RECOGNIZE ISRAEL

  5. Israel and Palestine: The Roots of Conflict (23 min) http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=e542c263-898d-4408-b4f2-e53be7469e5f

  6. WHY ? NO PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST

  7. Reason #1 • I. Limited Water • Major Rivers • Tigris River and Euphrates River • together form “Mesopotamia” – meaning land between rivers • Because of annual flooding this area has rich farm land which is why it is also know as the “Fertile Crescent.” • This is believed to be the location of the first great civilization – The Babylonians Mesopotamia Jordan Nile

  8. Limited Water Continue • Water supply for western part of the region and important for religious reasons to Judaism and Christianity. Jordan River

  9. Desalination – Process of converting salty sea water into drinkable fresh water Limited Water Continue

  10. Reason #2 II. OIL • Persian Gulf region produces more oil than any other location on earth. • The Soviet Union tried to capture oil fields in 1945. • The U.S. have been protecting oil interest for many years.

  11. OIL - continues O.P.E.C – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Group of oil producing countries that agree on the prices they will sale their oil. Why is that a problem?

  12. Oil - continue • The United States can not join O.P.E.C. • Why? Sherman Antitrust Act

  13. REASON #3 RELIGION GOD Religion that worships only ONE God is called? Monotheism Isaac - Second born from wife Sarah Abraham Ishmael – First born from wife Ahaggar Jacob – name was changed to ISRAEL ARAB NATIONS 12 sons (TRIBES) of ISRAEL Through King David a savior (Messiah) JESUS Prophet Muhammad JUDAISM 3000 B.C. CHRISTIANITY 33 A.D. ISLAM610 A.D Moses – wrote the Torah Bible Koran (Qur’an)

  14. NO PEACE IN THE MIDDLE EAST; REASON #4Land Disputes: Jerusalem • Jews most holy city - Solomon's temple. • Christian’s holy city - Christ was killed outside its walls • Islam’s third most holy city- Muhammad was taken there by Angel Gabriel

  15. ISRAEL: Land Disputes • About 1000 B.C. Hebrew/Jewish people established homeland. (Diaspora = removal of Jews from this land) • 587 B.C. First Diaspora (removed by Babylon) return in 538 B.C. • 132 A.D. Second Diaspora (removed by Romans) • 300 A.D. Palestinians/Ottomans move in after Rome falls. • 600 A.D. Islam is introduced • 1099-1187 A.D. Christian conquest (Crusades) • 1948 A.D. Israel reestablished after Holocaust and Jews return to land. • 1967 A.D. 6 Day War = Israel gains land

  16. ABC News Fundamentalism and Terrorism Part 3: Israel, A Case Study (20 min) http://montage.allenisd.org/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=57534&location=local&filetypeid=2 Jerusalem - History of the Holy Land (50 min) http://montage.allenisd.org/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=25195&location=local&filetypeid=3

  17. DESCRIBE the following: Yasser Arafat Abdel Nasser Anwar Sadat PLO Yitzhak Rabin Palestinians Israelis Muhammad Abraham Jesus Sadam Hussein

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