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Jewish Averroism in Provence and Spain

2/24/2012. Modern Philosophy PHIL320. 2. Averroes (Abu l Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Rushd, 1126-1198). The Commentator: wrote a series of commentaries on works of Aristotle.Some philosophical doctrineseternity of the worldrejection of emanationGod is the first mover of the spheres,The unicity of the material intellectGod knows neither particulars nor universals .

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Jewish Averroism in Provence and Spain

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    1. 2/24/2012 Golden Age of Jewish Philosophy 1 Jewish Averroism in Provence and Spain Charles Manekin

    2. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 2 Averroes (Abu l Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Rushd, 1126-1198) The Commentator: wrote a series of commentaries on works of Aristotle. Some philosophical doctrines eternity of the world rejection of emanation God is the first mover of the spheres, The unicity of the material intellect God knows neither particulars nor universals

    3. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 3 Averroes (Abu l Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Rushd, 1126-1198) Defense of Philosophy from the attacks of the orthodox. Fasl al-Maqal. Philosophy is mandated for the wise, forbidden for the unlearned. Philosophy and religion cannot conflict, because truth cannot conflict with truth.

    4. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 4 Averroes (Abu l Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Rushd, 1126-1198) Fasl al-Maqal (continued) But not everybody is able to understand philosophy, to understand what it means to give a conclusive proof, a demonstration. Where the literal sense is comprehensible to all classes of people there is no permission to allegorize, but where the meaning is obscure, the learned are permitted to decide if allegory is intended..

    5. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 5 Isaac Albalag, late 13th century Tiqqun ha-Deot The Emendation of the Opinions, a translation with commentary of the Opinions of the Philosophers of al-Ghazali In most places, we have an Averroist critique of Avicenna, since the Opinions, although by al-Ghazali, presents the philosophy of Avicenna.

    6. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 6 Isaac Albalag, late 13th century God takes care of the creatures he creates. In the case of humans, he provides for the variety of temperaments and abilities so that people can join societies and help each other. But they need a law so as to prevent dissension. So once there is providential God, this entails that there will be Torah.

    7. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 7 Isaac Albalag, late 13th century But humans only listen to God because of promises and threats, and in order to keep them listening, God provided that the reward and punishment be postponed until after death, where the reward will be spiritual

    8. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 8 Four Doctrines Shared by Philosophy and Religion Existence of Reward and Punishment Survival of the Soul after Death Existence of a Master who rewards and punishes, i.e. God Existence of Providence that requites people according to their deeds These doctrines are taught by both phil and religion

    9. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 9 Religion teaches these doctrines differently to people from Philosophy Non-professionals cannot understand these doctrines strictly speaking; they lack intellect. So Torah waters them down for the simple people, using similes and images, like paradise and hell, describing God with corporeal attributes, eternal origination by temporal creation

    10. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 10 Philosophy teaches the truth as it really is The truth is beyond the comprehension of the multitude. So it is hidden with the Torah, in the esoteric level. But Torah is written in such a way as to hint at the truth for those who listen carefully.

    11. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 11 Two types of doctrines that are hidden Philosophical Truths, which can be discovered by reason Prophetic Truths, which can only be revealed in prophecy, which are above logical inference and natural investigation Three classes, then: common people, philosophers, prophets

    12. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 12 Joseph ibn Kaspi (1271-c. 1331), Provence Famous for the commentaries on Bible and Guide of the Perplexed Wrote a few summaries of philosophy. Put the name Kesef in each of his commentaries.

    13. 2/24/2012 Modern Philosophy PHIL320 13 A Refining Pot for Silver (before 1331) And I shall harden Pharaoh's heart

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