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Chapter 18.2

Chapter 18.2. When is a Population NOT Evolving?. AP Biology Fall 2011. The Hardy-Weinberg Formula. Applying the rules of probability to sexual reproduction, mathematician Hardy and physician Weinberg independently came up with a baseline for non-evolving populations The 5 conditions.

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Chapter 18.2

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  1. Chapter 18.2 When is a Population NOT Evolving? AP Biology Fall 2011

  2. The Hardy-Weinberg Formula • Applying the rules of probability to sexual reproduction, mathematician Hardy and physician Weinberg independently came up with a baseline for non-evolving populations • The 5 conditions

  3. The Hardy-Weinberg Formula • Allele frequencies for any gene in the shared pool will remain stable unless the population is evolving • The formula used to track any deviation from the stable state is: • p2 + 2 pq + q2 = 1 • p + q = 1 • p and q are allelic frequencies for A and a • Hardy-Weinberg equation

  4. The Hardy-Weinberg Formula • If traits show up in different proportions to the expected frequencies given Hardy-Weinberg assumptions, it indicates that one or more of the 5 assumptions is not being met and some evolutionary force is affecting the population

  5. Applying the Rule • Researchers use Hardy-Weinberg to estimate the frequency of carriers of alleles that cause genetic disorders and traits • Ex. Genetic disorder hemochromatosis, which affects people of Irish Ancestry, causes individuals to absorb too much iron from their food

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