Expanding Markets & Moving West

1. Expanding Markets & Moving West Chapter 9 Coach Bowling

2. Section 1 The Market Revolution

3. 9.1 Objectives • Describe how Industrialization and capitalism impacted the U.S. economy • Identify the inventions that enhanced people’s lives and helped fuel the country’s economic growth • Explain how improved transportation and communication systems helped to link America’s regions and make them interdependent

4. 9.1 Main Idea • Technological Changes created greater interaction and more economic diversity among the regions of the nation

5. Samuel Morse • Invented electromagnetic telegraph • Invention allowed people to communicate with one another across regions • Congress gave Morse $30k to develop model

9. U.S. Markets Expand • By Mid-1800’s, Americans had become industrialized • Farmers shifted to specialization, a system where focus is placed on growing 1-2 crops

10. Cont. • Led to a Market Revolution • Occurs when people buy and sell goods rather than make them for their own use • Result = incomes of Americans grow

11. The Entrepreneurial Spirit • Capitalism – economic system in which private businesses and individuals control production • ex. Textile mills, factories • Entrepreneurs – people who risk their money in a capitalist society

12. New Inventions • Charles Goodyear – rubber • Elias Howe – sewing machine • Samuel Morse – telegraph

18. The Economic Revolution • Communication – telegraph allowed people to communicate over distance • Transportation – Canals opened for shipping to increase; railroads emerged

19. New Markets Link Regions • Regions were specialized • South & North differed in production, split between regions continued to grow

20. Southern Agriculture • Cotton, Tobacco, and Rice were grown throughout the South • Money was tied up in land and slaves • Factories were not prominent in the South • New Markets were created in this era

21. Northeast Shipping & Manufacturing • Canals opened up world commerce • Manufacturing jobs opened up trade as well • The North produced more for less thanks to manufacturing

22. Midwest Farming • People moved westward to get away from industrialization • Land had to be worked so that farms could start • 2 inventions helped this occur

23. Cont. • 1837 – John Deere invented the first steel plow; better than others b/c oxen could be replaced by horses • 1837 – Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper; replaced farmhands; wheat & corn could be produced at a high rate • Encouraged Northerners & Southerners to move westward

32. Section 2 Manifest Destiny

33. 9.2 Objectives • Summarize the reasons American settlers headed west during the mid-1800’s • Describe the impact of westward expansion on Native Americans • Identify the westward trails and some of the people who used them

34. 9.2 Main Idea • Americans moved west, energized by their belief in the rightful expansion of the United States from the Atlantic to the Pacific

35. The Frontier Draws Settlers • By 1840’s expansion was goal of many Americans • Jefferson had this in mind with the Louisiana Purchase • Idea of Manifest Destiny developed

36. Cont. • Many Americans felt it was the destiny of the country to spread to the Pacific Ocean • Economic problems caused settlers to move west • There was an abundance of land for people to gain a fresh start

37. Settlers & Native Americans • Settlers who moved west ran into natives along the way • Some natives were accepting while others were aggressive towards the newcomers

38. The Blackhawk War • White settlers pressured natives of Illinois to move westward in the 1830’s • Blackhawk, a leader of the Sauk tribe, decided to lead a rebellion against the U.S.

39. Cont. • The rebellion soon turned into war • It spread from Illinois to the Wisconsin territory • Ended when militiamen slaughtered more than 200 natives • Result = natives were forced to move

41. Fort Laramie Treaty (1851) • Settlers were constantly fighting with natives • In 1851, treaty with several native groups arranged for natives to have a certain amount of land in return for no attacks on settlers. • U.S. constantly broke treaty by displacing natives, refusing payments, and depleted land of natural resources

42. The Santa Fe Trail • 780 miles from Independence, MO to Santa Fe, NM • Wagons traveled alone for 1st 100 miles then formed wagon trains • Searched for gold, silver, and furs

45. The Oregon Trail • Started at Independence, MO and ended in Portland, OR • Trip took months • Disease set in and took lives • Native Tribes attacked some settlers • 5,000 settlers arrived by 1844

49. The Mormon Migration Joseph Smith established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in New York around 1830. He led followers westward to IL. Protesters opposed polygamy (marriage to more than one person) and problems arose.