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International Tourism Management

International Tourism Management. 12-13-14 December 2011. Tourism in the world. In what countries are the following tourist attractions: Machu Picchu Mount Kilimanjaro Transylvania Easter Island Ephesus Niagara Falls Victoria Falls Lapland Tatra Mountains

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International Tourism Management

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  1. International Tourism Management 12-13-14 December 2011

  2. Tourism in the world In what countries are the following tourist attractions: • Machu Picchu • Mount Kilimanjaro • Transylvania • Easter Island • Ephesus • Niagara Falls • Victoria Falls • Lapland • Tatra Mountains • The Galapagos Islands

  3. 3 conclusions from this activity • Activities help us learn(awarenessraising) • The importance of geographical and cultural knowledge(even to work in hospitality) • Having « intellectualcredibility » as a professional(samewithspelling)

  4. Long(ish) introduction • Rationale for the course • Contents of the course • Ambition of the course • Groundrules • Online resources (Web 1.0 and Web 2.0)

  5. Rationale: Why this course? • Managers in the hospitality industry need some contextual knowledge about tourism  professional appreciation of the sector • Tourism is a global and dynamic phenomenon that affects strategic management decisions in hospitality.  professional relevance (in the long term) • Tourism and hospitality have a joint impact on national economies and on local communities.  being a good global citizen

  6. Contents of the course

  7. Ambition of the course 1. an introduction to keythemes (« problématiques »)  at the interface of academic / professional 2. a synthesis of whatwe do in England  model of MBA Tourism & Hospitality Management 3. a chance to explore new ideas • criticalthinking 4. an opportunityto work/learndifferently (and in English)  the course is the overalleconomy of your MBA

  8. « Ground rules » (principles) • Language (English rather than French…) • « English pedagogy » different from French: - engage with tasks/activities (e.g. blog) - Resist the temptation of going on Facebook, e-mails etc 3. Note-taking – is useful though you will have all these slides available later 4. « Play the game » (names)

  9. Online resources • Web 1.0 = « passive » websites • Web 2.0 = « active » and participative; user generated contents  more interactive and democratic e.g. Linkedin, Facebook, blogs, wikis, youtube etc Advantages of Web 2.0 as a teaching tool: - engaging in a collective project - involving everyone - can maintain anonymity

  10. Question Don’t look on the internet – just pen and paper – on your own: What are the 5 most visited countries in the world?

  11. Task 1 a first opportunity to use the blog France is the number 1 tourist destination in the world (in terms of international tourists arrival numbers: over 76m) Why? What are the reasons of this success? Post your answer on the blog http://savignacP24.blogspot.com

  12. France: number 1 tourist destination Reasons for thissuccess: A combination of severalfactors • A wide range of resources sites & attractions (natural / cultural) • The quantity and quality of the industry (i.e. supply)  thinkservices and privatesector) • Infrastructures (incl. the (traditional) support from the public sector)

  13. http://uk.franceguide.com/

  14. Contents of the course

  15. Theme 1, Day 1:Tourism management as a dynamic, multidisciplinary topic Definitions and key concepts

  16. Short quiz Basic rules: first answer on your own later you can check with others later I will give you my own answers :-)

  17. Define the following 10 terms: • Tourism • Tourism management • Business Tourism • Dark Tourism • Enclave Tourism • Industrial Tourism • Hard Tourism • E-tourism • Pro poor Tourism • Mass Tourism

  18. Compare your answers in pairs (5mn) • Tourism • Tourism management • Business Tourism • Dark Tourism • Enclave Tourism • Industrial Tourism • Hard Tourism • E-tourism • Pro poor Tourism • Mass Tourism

  19. www.savignac.info “Monday” “Extracts from book” Read the definitions – and compare with your own answers

  20. International tourism management as a topic of study In your opinion, what are the main challenges of the study of international tourism management • Prepare a short answer(2 or 3 sentences) • Post your answer onto the course blog http://savignacP24.blogspot.com

  21. Theme 1, Day 1:Tourism management as a dynamic, complex topic Current trends and changes

  22. Activity NOT blog – just on your notes: List 5 trends/changes that are currently affecting the tourism/hospitality industry • On your own (2mn) • Compare your answers in pairs (3mn) • Each pair come up with the top 3most important trends/changes (3mn)

  23. Your answers • Low cost (esp. airlines) • To make Florent happy: terrorism • Increased awareness of the environmental impacts of tourism; ecology; innovation • To make Marie happy: all inclusive package • Dynamic packaging (e-tourism) • Diversification (SIT special interest tourism) – niche tourism

  24. Your answers (cont.) • Increase in extreme tourism (ice diving, jungle tourism) • Effect of climate change and global warming (“snow business”) • An increasing number of LEDCs using tourism as a tool of economic development (Thailand, Maldives) • E-tourism and even m-tourism • Changes in fashion for destinations

  25. Your answers (cont.) • Changes in mobility (propensity to travel abroad) • The economic crisis

  26. Last year’s students answers (P23) • E-commerce and its impacts • Economics: current recession, increase in domestic tourism • New needs, desire for cheaper packages • Development of low-cost • Desire for original experiences e.g. tree hotel, ice hotel – « marketing sensoriel » • New products • Emerging destinations

  27. Responsible tourism • Low barriers  easier to travel • Shorter stays esp. City breaks • Web 2.0 e.g. tripadvisor • More discerning travellers • Flexitime  more discretionary time • Special events • Ecology, environmental impacts awareness

  28. Industry is being integrated (vertical integration, horizontal integration) • Strategic alliances in the airline industry • Increase in middle class esp. as tourism generating China, India, Russia etc  new customers, new expectations • Tensions, political factors • Natural disasters • Sex tourism • Technology and time acceleration; impacts for travel agents (decrease in intermediaries)

  29. Current trends/changes include: • Trend to more frequentyetshorter trips • The end of mass tourism (?) • More fragmentation/segmentation (self packaging etc) • Technological changes (not onlye-tourism) • Development of « the new tourist » (but still a verysmallmarket?) • New motivations (replacing ‘sunlust’), new markets • « Green concerns »: sustainabletourism • Speed of change (incl. unexpected change)

  30. Teaching input – by Patrick Dixon 3 short videos: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B2FfSMCceUM • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PXUGqKKe1o&NR=1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRrFcfiXkqk 1 longer video: • http://youtu.be/L1C1chw1I4U Handout: website – Monday – « Future of Travel Industry »

  31. Making sense of all those changes • Possible approach 1: • Changes affecting SUPPLY (i.e. industry corporateintegration, airline alliances etc) • Changes affecting DEMAND (i.e. market customerswho are more aware & knowledgable) • Possible approach 2: By theme: externalenvironment (PEST/STEEPLE model – factors and variables)

  32. PEST model There are several versions of this model – am using: • Political factors • Economics (and globalisation) • Socio-cutural factors (and demographics) • Technological changes • This is all about the external environment (macro-environment). • This is our framework for the rest of today

  33. PEST model

  34. Task --- on your own, 3mn (NOT blog) Giving examples, outline 4 political factors that may affect organisations operating in the tourism and hospitality industry. Example: Change in policies about visa requirements (travel documents), making it easier or more difficult for some international tourists e.g. visitors to France from Russia or Asia

  35. Possible answers (1/2) • Change in funding policy for publicly-funded tourism organisations (for example: cut in tyhe budget of NTOs such as VisitBritain) • Large-scaled events underpinned by political decisions, such as Olympic bids and their positive outcome (London 2012, Rio 2016) • Radical change in political landscape (the collapse of the Soviet Union and its socialist orbit in the 1990s meant that hundreds of millions of people suddenly had greater freedom to travel) • Decisions by policy-makers to develop the tourism potential of entire regions – or, on the contrary, to limit number of tourists (e.g. Maldives archipaelago)

  36. Possible answers (2/2) 5. Decisions by local authorities to authorise (or not) new projects (such as planning persmission extension for a hotel, or development/extension of an airport, e.g. Heathrow extra runaway) 6. Decisions by regulators to close (temporarily or definitely) some tourist facilities (e.g. a restaurant because of hygiene problems) 7. Campaigns to boycott a destination because of the abuse of human rights (e.g. Burma)

  37. Case study of the effects of (inter)national politics on tourism and hospitality “Arab Spring” Link to tourism? “The Jasmine Revolution” January 2011: Tunisian president Ben Ali forced out of the presidency by popular protests Summer 2011 problems: video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bh6yx763aCU

  38. Group activity:« Helping Tunisian Tourism recover » • Small groups (2 or 3 or 4) • Preparation time: 35mn • Instructions on next slide • Suggestions: • Work in other rooms • Maybe do research on the internet

  39. Scenario: •  For your internship, you are working for the Tunisian National Tourism Office (www.bonjour-tunisie.com) • One of your missions is to propose and design a project to help Tunisia recover • Prepare a short presentation (3-4mn max) explaining your proposal (for example a marketing campaign – or something else: film etc). Think about aims/objectives, target, perception etc. Be original and creative.

  40. Some presentations • Email your document outline (one per group) to Loykie.Lomine@winchester.ac.uk MENTION ALL YOUR NAMES  and add any extra info please

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