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Landmark Supreme Court Cases and Controversial Policies in American History

This review covers pivotal legal and political concepts in U.S. history, including the Warren Court's expansion of civil rights, the landmark Roe v. Wade decision affirming abortion rights, the Domino Theory of communism containment, and the Brown v. Board of Education ruling that desegregated public schools. It also highlights the Montgomery Bus Boycott's significance in Civil Rights activism and the implications of NSC-68 regarding military buildup during the Cold War. Each concept plays a crucial role in shaping modern U.S. society.

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Landmark Supreme Court Cases and Controversial Policies in American History

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  1. Questions Game Unit VI Key Terms

  2. Question Review

  3. 1. Warren Court • The Supreme Court under Chief Justice Earl Warren (1953-1969), which expanded the Constitution’s promise of equality and civil rights. It issued landmark decisions in the areas of civil rights, criminal rights, reproductive freedom, and separation of church and state.

  4. 2. Roe v. Wade • 1973 Supreme Court ruling that the Constitution protects the right to abortion, which states cannot prohibit in the early stages of pregnancy. The decision galvanized social conservatives and made abortion a controversial policy issue for decades to come.

  5. 3. Domino Theory • Theory of containment articulated by President Eisenhower in warning that the fall of a non-Communist government to communism would trigger the spread of communism to neighboring countries

  6. 4. Brown v. Board of Education • 1954 Supreme Court ruling that overturned the “separate but equal” precedent established in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896

  7. 5. Montgomery bus boycott • Yearlong boycott of Montgomery’s segregated bus system in 1955-56 by the city’s African American population

  8. 6. NSC 68 • Top-secret government report of April 1950 warning that national survival required a massive military buildup. The Korean War brought nearly all of the expansion called for in the report, and by 1952 defense spending claimed nearly 70% of the federal budget.

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