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Prelude to War: The Tragedy of Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and Alliances

This analysis explores the complex origins of World War I through the lenses of nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances. Nationalism fueled conflicts within diverse empires like Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire, while imperial ambitions drove nations to compete for colonies in Africa and Asia. Militarism saw nations build vast armies in preparation for conflict, contributing to a culture of war readiness. Alliances, such as the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance, entrenched divisions. Key events, including the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, triggered a cascade of declarations of war across Europe.

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Prelude to War: The Tragedy of Nationalism, Imperialism, Militarism, and Alliances

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  1. Prelude to War The Tragedy of “isms”

  2. Tragedy of the -isms • Nationalism • Imperialism • Militarism • Alliances

  3. Nationalism • The belief that ethnic/cultural identity should define the political state and its borders • Many states composed of diverse ethnicities and cultures • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire • Great Britain • Poland divided

  4. What are some examples of modern day nationalism that has erupted into conflict? • Iraq • Shiites, Sunnis, Kurds • Ireland • Republicans and unionists • Spain • Basques

  5. Imperialism • Nations competing for colonies • Africa • France • England • Germany wants in • Far east • Conflict between France, England, Russia, Japan and Germany

  6. Militarism • All countries building up armies • Police and control colonies • “Prepare” for war • Armies and weapons as deterrent

  7. Alliances • Triple Entente • France • Russia • Britain • Allied Powers during war

  8. Alliances • Triple Alliance • Austria-Hungary • Germany • Italy • Central Powers • Ottoman Empire replaces Italy

  9. June 28, 1914 • Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Heir to Austro-Hungarian throne visits Sarajevo • And is assassinated • Gavrilo Princip and the Black Hand • Austria-Hungary issues ultimatum to Serbia • Looking for excuse to punish Serbia

  10. Japan August 23,25, 1914: Japan declares war first on Germany, then on Austria Hungary November 5, 1914: Ottoman Empire declares war on England, France and Russia July 28, 1914: Russia announces it will mobilize to defend Serbia August 6, 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia August 12, 1914: England & France declare war on Austria-Hungary November 2, 1914: Serbia and Russia declare war on Ottoman Empire November 6, 1914: England and France declare war on the Ottoman Empire August 4, 1914: England declares war on Germany July 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary declares War on Serbia August 3, 1914: Germany declares war on France August 4, 1914: Germany declares war on Belgium August 6, 1914: Serbia declares war on Germany August 1, 1914: Germany declares war on Russia

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