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KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.

KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms. DNA is the molecule of Life. D eoxyribo n ucleic A cid Contains genetic information for cell functions, growth, and division Shape – Double Helix Watson & Crick – Discovered the shape of DNA. phosphate group. nitrogen-containing

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KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT DNA structure is the same in all organisms.

  2. DNA is the molecule of Life • Deoxyribonucleic Acid • Containsgenetic information for cell functions, growth, and division • Shape – Double Helix • Watson & Crick – Discovered the shape of DNA

  3. phosphate group nitrogen-containing base deoxyribose (sugar) • DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides. • Each nucleotide has three parts. • a phosphate group • a deoxyribose sugar • a nitrogen-containing base

  4. DNA is composed of four types of nucleotides. • -Adenine -Thymine • -Cytosine -Guanine

  5. Watson and Crick determined the three-dimensional structure of DNA by building models. • DNA is a double helix that is made up of a sugar-phosphate backbone on the outside with bases on the inside.

  6. G C A T Nucleotides always pair in the same way. • The base-pairing rules show how nucleotides always pair up in DNA. • A pairs with T • C pairs with G

  7. covalent bond hydrogen bond • The backbone is connected by covalent bonds. • The bases are connected by hydrogen bonds.

  8. History of Replication • Watson & Crick – realized that complementary base pairing provided a way for DNA to copy itself - base pairing could allow a new strand to be built on an old strand

  9. DNA Replication – • Replication = DNA making copies of itself • DNA must be copied before a cell can divide • Each new cell will have a complete set of DNA

  10. DNA Replication: Process • Replication begins when the enzyme DNA helicaseopens the DNA forming replication bubbles

  11. DNA Replication- The Big Picture Each Bubble has 2 Forks – each fork has a leading and lagging strand

  12. DNA Replication – DNA Polymerase • The enzyme DNA polymerase brings new nucleotides to the replication fork - it pairs them according to base pairing rules A pairs with T C pairs with G

  13. DNA Replication • The process continues until 2 complete copies of the DNA are produced • Each copy of the DNA contains one strand of DNA from the original DNA molecule and one new strand that was produced by replication • Known as semi-conservativereplication

  14. DNA Replication

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