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Lección 1: Gramática

Lección 1: Gramática. Género y número de los nombres Artículos determinados e indeterminados Pronombres personales usados como sujetos Presente del verbo SER Formación de adjetivos y concordancia de artículos , nombres y adjetivos . El alfabeto Números de 0 a 39.

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Lección 1: Gramática

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  1. Lección 1: Gramática Género y número de los nombres Artículosdeterminados e indeterminados Pronombrespersonalesusadoscomosujetos Presente del verbo SER Formación de adjetivos y concordancia de artículos, nombres y adjetivos. El alfabeto Números de 0 a 39

  2. Género y número de los nombres (1) In Spanish, all nouns—including those denoting nonliving things—are either masculine or feminine in gender.

  3. Género y número de los nombres (2) • Most nouns that end in -o or denote males are masculine: cuaderno, hombre (man). • Most nouns that end in -a or denote females are feminine: ventana, mujer(woman). • Some common exceptions include the words día (day) and mapa (map), which end in -a but are masculine, and mano (hand), which ends in -o but is feminine.

  4. Género y número de los nombres (3) Here are some helpful rules to remember about gender. • Some masculine nouns ending in -o have a corresponding feminineform ending in -a: el secretario / la secretaria. • When a masculine noun ends in a consonant, you often add -a to obtain its corresponding feminine form: el doctor / la doctora.

  5. Género y número de los nombres (4) Here are more helpful rules to remember about gender. • Some nouns have the same form for both genders: el estudiante / la estudiante. In such cases, gender is indicated by the article el (masculine) or la (feminine).

  6. Artículosdeterminados (1) • Spanish has four forms that are equivalent to the English definite article the.

  7. Artículosdeterminados (2) elprofesorlaprofesora ellápizlapluma losprofesoreslasprofesoras loslápiceslasplumas • Always learn new nouns with their corresponding definite articles—this will help you remember their gender.

  8. Artículosindeterminados (3) • The Spanish equivalents of a (an) and some are as follows:

  9. Artículosindeterminados (4) unlibrounoslibros unprofesorunosprofesores unasillaunassillas unaventanaunasventanas

  10. Pronombrespersonalesusadoscomosujetos (1)

  11. Pronombrespersonalesusadoscomosujetos (2) • Use the tú form as the equivalent of you when addressing a close friend, a relative, or a child. • Use the usted form in all other instances. In most Spanish-speaking countries, young people tend to call each other tú, evenif they have just met.

  12. Pronombrespersonalesusadoscomosujetos (3) • In Latin America, ustedes (abbreviated Uds.) is used as the plural form of both tú and usted (abbreviated Ud.). • In Spain, however, the plural form oftú is vosotros (as).

  13. Pronombrespersonalesusadoscomosujetos (4) • The masculine plural forms nosotros, vosotros, and ellos can refer to the masculine gender alone or to both genders together: Juan y Roberto → ellos Juan y María → ellos

  14. Pronombrespersonalesusadoscomosujetos (5) • Unlike English, Spanish does not generally express itor they as separate words when the subject of the sentence is a thing. Es una mesa. It is a table

  15. Presente del verbo SER (1) • The verb ser (to be) is irregular. Its forms must therefore be memorized.

  16. Presente del verbo SER (2) - Ud. es el doctor Rivas, ¿no? - No, so y el profesor Soto. - ¿ D e dóndesonUds.? - S omosde Los Á ngeles. - ¿ D e dóndeerestú? - Yoso y de Texas.

  17. Presente del verbo SER (3)

  18. Formación de adjetivos (1) • Forms of adjectives Most adjectives in Spanish have two basic forms: the masculine form ending in -o and the feminine form ending in -a. Their corresponding plural forms end in -osand -as, respectively.

  19. Formación de adjetivos (2) profesormexicanoprofesoresmexicanos profesoramexicanaprofesorasmexicanas chicosimpáticochicossimpáticos chicasimpáticachicassimpáticas

  20. Formación de adjetivos (3) • When an adjective ends in -e or aconsonant, the same form is normally used with both masculine and feminine nouns. muchachointeligentemuchachainteligente librodifícilclasedifícil

  21. Formación de adjetivos (4) • The only exceptions are as follows: Adjectives of nationality that end in a consonant have feminine formsending in -a. se ñ or espa ñ ol se ñ oraespa ñ ola se ñ or inglés se ñ orainglesa

  22. Formación de adjetivos (5) • In forming the plural, adjectives follow the same rules as nouns. mexicano → mexicanos feliz (happy) → felices difícil → difíciles

  23. Posición de adjetivos • In Spanish, adjectives that describe qualities (pretty, smart, and so on) generally follow nouns, while adjectives of quantity precede them: Hay dos chicasb on itas.

  24. Concordancia de artículos, nombres y adjetivos (1) • In Spanish, the article, the noun, and the adjective agree in gender and number. E lmuchachoessimpático. L o smuchachosson simpáticos. L amuchachaessimpática. L a smuchachasson simpáticas.

  25. El alfabeto • All letters are feminine: la a, la b, and so on.

  26. Números de 0 a 10 0 cero 6 seis1 uno 7 siete2 dos 8 ocho3 tres 9 nueve4 cuatro 10 diez5 cinco

  27. Números de 11 a 20 11 once 16 dieciséis12 doce 17 diecisiete13 trece 18 dieciocho14 catorce 19 diecinueve15 quince 20 veinte

  28. Números de 21 a 30 21 veintiuno 26 veintiséis 22 veintidós 27 veintisiete23 veintitrés 28 veintiocho24 veinticuatro 29 veintinueve25 veinticinco 30 treinta

  29. Números de 31 a 39 31 treinta y uno 36 treinta y seis 32 treintay dos 37 treinta y siete 33 treintay tres 38 treinta y ocho34 treinta y cuatro 39 treinta y nueve35 treintay cinco

  30. Números de 0 a 39 • Uno changes to un before a masculine singular noun: un libro(one book). Uno changes to una before a feminine singular noun: unasilla (one chair ). • The numbers sixteen to nineteen and twenty-one to twenty-nine can also be spelled with a y (and): diez y seis, diez y siete… veinte y uno, veinte y dos, and so on. The pronunciation of each group of words, however, is identical to the corresponding word spelled with the i.

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