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Biofilter Plant Ecology- Research Status

The research presented at the PIRE Meeting on Jan 25, 2014, by Brandon Winfrey focuses on the role of various native plant species in stormwater biofilters. Species studied include Baccharis salicifolia, Schoenoplectus californicus, and Juncus acutus, among others. The study investigates factors such as functional diversity, root morphology, growth rate, and drought tolerance to determine how these plants contribute to biofilter performance. The hypothesis posits that increased functional diversity enhances treatment performance during storm events, providing valuable insights for future biofilter designs.

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Biofilter Plant Ecology- Research Status

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  1. Biofilter Plant Ecology- Research Status PIRE Meeting Jan 25, 2014 Brandon Winfrey

  2. BS = Baccharissalicifolia (mulefat) SC = Schoenoplectuscalifornicus (California bulrush) CS = Carexspissa (San Diego sedge) JA = Juncusacutus (spiny rush) AC = Anemopsiscalifornica (yerba mansa) TL = Typhalatifolia (broadleaf cattail) EM = Eleocharismacrostachya (common spikerush) CS JA AC TL SC BS EM

  3. Which Plants Do the Work in a StormwaterBiofilter? • Functional Diversity • Root morphology and physiology • Growth rate • C:N ratio • Preferential uptake • Drought/Water tolerance • Growth form (rhizomatous, cluster, seed dispersal, clonal, etc.) • Hypothesis: Greater treatment performance when functional diversity is higher.

  4. Carex sp. • C. spissaor C. pansa • Rhizomatous growth • Extensive roots • Medium drought tolerance • Facultative wetland species • Widely used in stormwaterbiofilters • CA native

  5. Juncuseffusus • Cluster/colony growth • Shallow, less extensive roots • High drought tolerance • Facultative wetland species • Widely used in stormwaterbiofilters • CA native

  6. Baccharissalicifolia • Dioecious shrub • Deep roots • Low/medium drought tolerance • Facultative wetland species • Widely used in stormwaterbiofilters • CA native

  7. B = Baccharissalicifolia C = Carex sp. J = Juncuseffusus Three species- 3 monocultures, 3 dicultures, 1 triculture, 1 control, replicated 3 times. B B C J C C C J J C Control J J B C B J C J B B J B B J C C C C J J J J C J Control C B J J C B J J C B B J C C C C Control J B C J B J B J C B J B B

  8. Species Diversity/Functional Diversity and Treatment Performance • About 12 studies on constructed wetlands • 2 on biofilters • Biofiltermesocosms will use specifications from Australian work. • Treatment performance during simulated storm event. • Test N and P (maybe metals) • Later, possibly pesticides, pathogens, GHGs, and metals. • Use mesocosms to test colonization by animals and animal seeding experiments

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