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Matter and Energy

This chapter explores the fundamental concepts of matter and energy, defining matter and its classification into pure substances and mixtures, including solutions and heterogeneous mixtures. It distinguishes between elements and compounds, detailing the three groups of elements: metals, metalloids, and nonmetals. The chapter also covers chemical formulas, physical and chemical properties, and measurement techniques, including qualitative and quantitative observations. Dimensional analysis and density calculations are introduced with practical examples and exercises for better understanding.

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Matter and Energy

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  1. Matter and Energy Chapter 1 CEM131

  2. Matter and Its Classification

  3. Matter Can be subdivided into…

  4. Pure Substances Mixtures

  5. Solutions Heterogeneous Mixtures

  6. Pure Substances Mixtures

  7. Compounds Elements

  8. Ionic Compounds Molecular Compounds

  9. Compounds Elements

  10. Elements can be divided into three Groups

  11. Metals

  12. Metalloids

  13. Nonmetals

  14. Chemical Formulas

  15. Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

  16. Carbon = 2 Hydrogen = 6 Oxygen = 1

  17. Carbon = C Hydrogen = H Oxygen = O

  18. Hydrogen = 6 H Carbon = 2 C Oxygen = 1 O

  19. Hydrogen = H6 Carbon = C2 Oxygen = O

  20. Hydrogen = H6 Bonds are the holes in this model… little hard to see Carbon = C2 Oxygen = O

  21. So we start with C2

  22. Then we add the restC2H5OH

  23. Wait… why not C2H6Oor C2OH6?

  24. CH3OH

  25. Physical and Chemical Properties

  26. What is a Physical Property?

  27. Observations can be eitherQualitativeorQuantitative

  28. Qualitative is Subjective

  29. Observations can be eitherQualitativeorQuantitative

  30. Quantitative is Objective

  31. What types of Quantitative measurescan we do?

  32. Mass

  33. Volume

  34. Density

  35. Dimensional Analysis

  36. Ooo, pretty fractions

  37. Try this one. Answer = 3/8 Square 1/2 = 1/4 Multiple that by 1/2 = 1/8 Add that to 1/4, with the least common denominator as 8 = 3/8

  38. How about this one? Answer: 1. divide nT from both side of the equation. Solve the following for R.

  39. Now a little more… try to figure out these conversions. Hint, check your books for the conversion factors.

  40. Complete the following conversionsA. 1.54 kg = __________gB. 3.46 cm = __________ µmC. 12.4 ml = __________ lD. 2.3 × 103 in = ___________ m 1540 346000 0.0124 58.42

  41. Try these, they are density equations.A liquid that has a mass of 125 g per 120 ml, what is the density in g/ml? 1.04 g/ml

  42. Now to ramp it up a bit…Calculate the density of the following materials in g/ml.A. 49 lbs./fl. oz.B. 3.79 × 10-4 kg/l 751.65 g/ml 3.79 × 10-4 g/ml

  43. How to use Dimensional Analysis

  44. Let us look at this one again…Calculate the density of the following materials in g/ml.A. 49 lbs./fl. oz.

  45. What are you trying to determine?

  46. Let us look at this one again…Calculate the density of the following materials in g/ml.A. 49 lbs./fl. oz. How many grams/ml?

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