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Understanding Environmental Effects on Organisms: Distribution, Succession, and Community Dynamics

This segment explores critical concepts in ecology, focusing on how environmental factors influence organism distribution and abundance. It covers altitudinal and latitudinal zonation, detailing the climatic and community changes that occur with elevation and proximity to the equator. We delve into ecological succession, distinguishing between primary and secondary types, and highlight the role of pioneer and dominant species. The impacts of invasive species and the phenomenon of desertification, resulting from human activities, are examined, emphasizing their effects on ecosystems and community structures.

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Understanding Environmental Effects on Organisms: Distribution, Succession, and Community Dynamics

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Environmental effects on organisms Ch 6.2 and 6.3

  2. Distribution - where a particular species is found • Abundance - number of the species in that locality • Altitudinal zonation - zones of climate, vegetation, and crops that change with height above sea level. • Latitudinal zonation - predictable changes in community composition as one moves away from the equator

  3. Ecological Succession - The gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established • Primary Succession - The series of changes that occur in an area where no ecosystem previously existed • Pioneer Species - The first species to live in an area of primary succession • Micro-environments - climate within a small area that differs significantly from the climate of the surrounding area eg a cave

  4. Dominant species - A species with substantially higher abundance or biomass than other species in a community. Dominant species exert a powerful control over the occurrence and distribution of other species. • Climax Community - A stable, mature community that undergoes little or no change in species over time. • Secondary Succession - The series of changes that occur after a disturbance of an existing ecosystem

  5. Invasive Species - Species that enter new ecosystems and multiply, harming native species and their habitats • Disclimax community - results from degradation of a community due to activities of organisms the eventually leads to desertification • Desertification - Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.

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