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History of the Modern World

History of the Modern World. Great War’s End: Forging the Peace 1918-1922. Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room 111. The Costs of War.

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History of the Modern World

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  1. History of the Modern World Great War’s End: Forging the Peace 1918-1922 Mrs. McArthur Walsingham Academy Room 111

  2. The Costs of War Influenza had spread among the troops at the end of the war and went home with them to their families and neighbors. The loss of lives from the flu and the war and the costs of rebuilding war-ravaged cities made some countries and colonies vulnerable to revolt. Pie Charts: Central Powers’ Casualties Pie Charts: Allied Casualties Graph: The Costs of War Note Taking Transparency 172A Witness History Audio: Worth Cost? Vera Brittain What is Brittain’s reaction to the peace negotiations? Why? World War I and the Russian Revolution Section 4: Making the Peace, pp. 834-838 1 of 9

  3. The Paris Peace Conference The Allies met in Paris to decide what the outcome of the war would be for Europe. President Wilson wanted to advance his Fourteen Points, which would bring “peace without victory.” The British Prime Minister wanted to rebuild England on a grand scale, while France’s leader wanted to see Germany punished. Note Taking Transparency 172B The Treaty of Versailles Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles, which narrowed German borders and as well as saddling the country with the costs of war reparations. For a country whose economy was already reeling, the debt would prove too costly. Section 4: Making the Peace Geography Interactive: Europe, 1914 and 1920 2 of 9

  4. The Outcome of the Peace Settlements Other treaties also went into effect. In Eastern Europe, the Allies created new nations, such as Poland and Yugoslavia. Previously German-ruled colonies in Africa and Asia were administered by other Western powers. The League of Nations was also established, although without U.S. participation. Progress Monitoring Transparency • Summary: Peace Settlements, 1919 • Only victors invited to participate: Heads of state attend: Wilson, Lloyd George, Clemenceau and Orlando • Wilson pushes his “14 points” as basis for settlement • Tensions among leaders: British and French demand reparations from Germany with Wilson opposed. • Leaders are answerable to votes, who call for “punishing” Germany who must bear blame for war. Section 4: Making the Peace, pp. 834-838 3 of 9

  5. Summary: Major Points of Peace of Paris Settlements • Map of Central and Eastern Europe is redrawn: new or revived states appear, initially as democracies • League of Nations created with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland • Empires of defeated powers are broken up: Mandates for territories outside of Europe (Syria, Palestine, Lebanon, Iraq, etc.) • Treaties with defeated countries: Most important – Versailles Treaty with Germany which contained “War Guilt Clause” (Article #231), as basis for payment of reparations. • Summary: Russian Revolution and Civil War • March, 1917 – Abdication of tsar; Provisional Government formed • Nov., 1917 – Bolsheviks seize power in Petrograd, arrest Provisional Government • Dec., 1917 – Lenin creates new secret police force, the CHEKA, to suppress counter-revolutionary activities (Red Terror) • March, 1918 – Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed; Russia withdraws from war. • 1918-21 – Vicious civil war pits Bolsheviks (“Reds”) against opponents “(Whites”) • 1919 – Lenin creates Communist International, hoping to spread world revolution • 1921 – Bolsheviks win civil war; country in desperate economic straits (NEP)

  6. Pie Charts: Central Powers’ Casualties 4 of 9

  7. Pie Charts: Allied Casualties 5 of 9

  8. Graph: Financial Costs of the War 6 of 9

  9. Note Taking Transparency 172A 7 of 9

  10. Progress Monitoring Transparency 9 of 9

  11. Read text, pp. 843-845 identifying 2 new terms and answering 2 checkpoint questions. Read Russian Revolution lecture notes and reread PP notes. Check your knowledge Notes: Chapter 26 Test: Monday, 2/6 Assignment 1

  12. Read text, pp. 834-838, identifying 5 new terms and answering 4 Checkpoint questions. Infographic, pp. 835. Answer questions. Map Skills Activity, pp. 837 Political Cartoon, pp 838 Review PP Notes, esp. study aides and check your knowledge Assignment 2 Note: Chapter 26 Test: Mon. 2/6

  13. Test: Text Chapter 26 Factual options-multiple choice, matching, map 1 Essay Chapter self-check Test Preparation: Be sure to use text, pp. 848-849 Notes: Chapter 26 Test: Monday, 2/6 Assignment 3-5

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