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An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere. The Scope of Ecology Abiotic Factors of the Biosphere Aquatic and Terrestrial Biomes Concepts of Organismal Ecology. The Scope of Ecology. Study of interactions between organisms and their environment (biotic and abiotic) Hierarchy:

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An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

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  1. An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere The Scope of Ecology Abiotic Factors of the Biosphere Aquatic and Terrestrial Biomes Concepts of Organismal Ecology

  2. The Scope of Ecology • Study of interactions between organisms and their environment (biotic and abiotic) • Hierarchy: Ecosystem ecology Community ecology Population ecology

  3. Abiotic Factors of the Biosphere Biosphere: the global ecosystem • Temperature, water, sunlight, wind, rocks and soil, periodic disturbances • Climate (prevailing weather conditions of a locality), usually most concerned with rainfall and temperature

  4. Aquatic Biomes Largest part of biosphere (75+%) Freshwater < 1% salt Marine > 3% salt Terrestrial biomes Determined by climate Grade into each other, lack sharp boundaries Dynamic, disturbances rather than stability is the rule Aquatic and Terrestrial Biomes

  5. Aquatic Ecosystems-Freshwater Often exhibit vertical stratification • Lakes (oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic) • Streams and rivers-move continuously in one direction • Wetlands-one of the richest and most valuable biome • Estuaries-freshwater merges with the ocean, very productive

  6. Aquatic Ecosystems-Marine • Marine biomes • Intertidal zone • Coral reefs • Oceanic pelagic biome (open waters off shore) • Benthos-ocean bottom

  7. Terrestrial Biomes • Often named for major physical or climatic features, and for the predominant vegetation • Deserts, grasslands, savannahs, deciduous forest, rainforest, taiga, chaparral, and tundra

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