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Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles. Significance of Paul Quantity of material in NT – about 1/3 Scope of his missionary work Depth and influence of his theology Sources Acts – secondary source Letters – primary source

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Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles

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  1. Paul: Apostle to the Gentiles • Significance of Paul • Quantity of material in NT – about 1/3 • Scope of his missionary work • Depth and influence of his theology • Sources • Acts – secondary source • Letters – primary source • Occasional in nature – written in response to particular problems in particular churches. • Typical Hellenistic letter form – Five regular parts: • Salutation – “Sender to Recipient: Greeting” (grace and peace) • Thanksgiving • Body • Parenesis (general ethical admonitions) • Closing (peace wish; final greetings; grace benediction)

  2. Sources – cont. 2. Letters – cont. • Authenticity • 13 letters attributed to Paul. • Some may be “pseudonymous” – written later in Paul’s name(“Deutero-Pauline”).

  3. Paul’s background • Diaspora Jew from Tarsus – dual culture • Hellenistic culture – Greek language, culture, customs • Jewish culture – Scripture, Torah, Pharisee • Double name – Saul (Jewish) and Paul (Roman) • Persecuted the Christian church. • Stephen (Acts 7:58; 8:3; 9:1-2). • Motivated by “zeal” for Jewish law(Gal. 1:13-14; Phil. 3:6). • Conversion/call (c. 32/35 AD) • Appearance of Christ on road to Damascus (Ac. 9). • Call to be “apostle to Gentiles” (Gal. 1:13-17; Phil. 3:4-9; Rom. 11:13).

  4. D. Paul’s Missionary Journeys • First Missionary Journey (Acts 13-14) • Barnabas and Saul sent out by Antioch church. • Cyprus and central Asia Minor. • Rejection by Jews – acceptance among Gentiles. • Antioch: controversy over circumcision of Gentiles. • Council of Jerusalem ( 50 CE, Acts 15; Gal. 2) • Summit to resolve gentile adherence to Jewish Law issue. • Must Gentiles be circumcised (i.e., convert to Judaism, observe Jewish Law and be circumcised)? • Agreement not to require circumcision. • Significance • Preserved unity between Paul and Jerusalem leaders. • Opened door to wider Gentile mission. • Paved way for eventual separation of Judaism and Christianity.

  5. Paul’s Missionary Journeys – cont. • Second Missionary Journey (Acts 15:36-18:22) • Split with Barnabas – accompanied by Silas and Timothy. • Antioch through Asia Minor to Macedonia and Greece. • Corinth – 18 months; wrote 1 Thess. (c. 50).

  6. Paul’s Missionary Journeys – cont. • Third Missionary Journey (Acts 18:23-21:16) • Antioch to Ephesus – 2-3 years; longest stay on any journey. • Through Macedonia and Greece to Jerusalem. • Paul’s collection for Jerusalem. • Relief for poor in Jerusalem. • Symbolic of unity of church – Jewish and Gentile Christians in one church.

  7. Paul’s Missionary Journeys – cont. • Arrest and journey to Rome (Acts 21:17-28:31) a. Jerusalem – arrested over disturbance in Temple. b. Caesarea – held 2 years; appealed to Caesar. c. Rome – house arrest; awaiting trial; preaching gospel. d. Likely executed by Nero (60-65).

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