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The chromosomal and genetic abnormalities of cancer: Which one is the cause?

The chromosomal and genetic abnormalities of cancer: Which one is the cause?. Asilomar, Jan. 7-9, 2007 Peter Duesberg, Alice Fabarius, Ruediger Hehlmann and Ruhong Li. Cancer: a genetic or a chromosomal disease?. The genetic cancer theory. The genetic cancer theory. According to the NCI

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The chromosomal and genetic abnormalities of cancer: Which one is the cause?

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  1. The chromosomal and genetic abnormalities of cancer: Which one is the cause? Asilomar, Jan. 7-9, 2007 Peter Duesberg, Alice Fabarius, Ruediger Hehlmann and Ruhong Li

  2. Cancer: a genetic or a chromosomal disease?

  3. The genetic cancer theory

  4. The genetic cancer theory According to the NCI 2-6 mutations cause cancer [NCI: Under-standing Cancer Series, 2007].

  5. The genetic theory turns a blind eye to cancer-specific aneuploidy According to the NCI and research supported by it, mutations cause cancer by changing the cell’s morphology and “color” – but not its karyotype. NCI website 2006: Karyotype normal = ca = 22 chromosome pairs + X,Y

  6. Yet, the karyotypes of cancers are very abnormal Karyotype of a human colon cancer: Highly aneuploid, with 15 rearranged marker chromosomes Karyotype of a diploid human cell (male)

  7. Karyotype of a breast cancer cell MDA231-4

  8. Landmarks of cancer not explained by genetic theory

  9. Landmarks of carcinogenesis not explained by genetic theory

  10. The genetic cancer theory also has genetic Achilles heels

  11. Age-dependent incidence of cancer

  12. Chromosomal cancer theory

  13. Carcino-genesis as chain reaction of aneuploid-izations

  14. Despite questioning the orthodoxy, I expected a full absolution for this attractive new cancer theory –as on previous occasions …

  15. Instead – The empire strikes back …

  16. Coulter et al. now claim 6 mutations are “sufficient” for tumorigenicity

  17. But Coulter also provides evidence that 6 mutations are not “sufficient”

  18. The chromosomal theory offers testable explanations

  19. The chromosomes of Coulter’s “converted cells” are unstable Conclusion: Half of cells of Mu6 line are randomly aneuploid.

  20. Karyotype of an aneuploid Mu6 cell Trisomy 7, and a marker derived from Chrom. 1

  21. Chromosomal theory explains low transformation rates of “converted” cells

  22. By contrast the mutation theory predicts

  23. Testing spontaneous appearance of 3-dimensional foci: about 1 per 100,000 Mu6 cells Mu6 monolayer Mu6 focus

  24. Clonalaneuploidies of 8 Mu6 foci: some stable others evolving

  25. Moreover, 3 of 8 foci are intrinsically resistant to ara-C.Mu6 line is ara-C- sensitive. Back to Table.

  26. In sum the 6 mutations were not “sufficient”. Instead…

  27. So – Which one is the cause?

  28. END The chromosomal theory of cancer can be falsified by diploid cancers.

  29. Spontaneous focus formation of Mu6 clone 3 Transformation rate: ~ 1 per 10^6 cells

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