1. Chapter 12, part B The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

2. The Algae • Eukaryotic • Unicellular, filamentous, or multicellular (thallic) • Most are photoautotrophs

3. Algae Table 12.1

4. Figure 12.11a

5. Figure 12.12b

6. Phaeophyta • Brown algae (kelp) • Cellulose + alginic acid cell walls • Multicellular • Chlorophyll a and c, xanthophylls • Store carbohydrates • Harvested for algin Figure 12.11b

7. Rhodophyta • Red algae • Cellulose cell walls • Most multicellular • Chlorophyll a and d, phycobiliproteins • Store glucose polymer • Harvested for agar and carrageenan Figure 12.11c

8. Chlorophyta • Green algae • Cellulose cell walls • Unicellular or multicellular • Chlorophyll a and b • Store glucose polymer • Gave rise to plants Figure 12.12a

9. Bacillariophyta • Diatoms • Pectin and silica cell walls • Unicellular • Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthophylls • Store oil • Fossilized diatoms formed oil • Produce domoic acid Figure 12.13

10. Dinoflagellata • Dinoflagellates • Cellulose in plasma membrane • Unicellular • Chlorophyll a and c, carotene, xanthins • Store starch • Some are symbionts in marine animals • Neurotoxins cause paralytic shellfish poisoning Figure 12.14

11. The Protozoa Table 12.1

12. Protozoa • Eukaryotic • Unicellular • Chemoheterotrophs • Vegetative form is a trophozoite • Asexual reproduction by fission, budding, or schizogony • Sexual reproduction by conjugation • Some produce cysts Figure 12.16

13. Archaezoa • No mitochondria • Multiple flagella • Giardia lamblia • Trichomonas vaginalis (no cyst stage) Figure 12.17b-d

14. Microspora • No mitochondria • Nonmotile • Intracellular parasites • Nosema

15. Rhizopoda (amoebas) • Move by pseudopods • Entamoeba • Acanthamoeba No jpeg for Figure 21.21 Figure 12.18a

16. Apicomplexa • Nonmotile • Intracellular parasites • Complex life cycles • Plasmodium • Babesia • Cryptosporidium • Cyclospora

17. Plasmodium 1 2 Sporozoites undergo schizogony in liver cell; merozoites are produced Infected mosquito bites human; sporozoites migrate through bloodstream to liver of human Sporozoites in salivary gland 9 Resulting sporozoites migrate to salivary glands of mosquito 3 Merozoites released into bloodsteam from liver may infect new red blood cells Sexualreproduction Asexual reproduction 8 In mosquito’s digestive tract, gametocytes unite to form zygote Zygote Intermediate host Female gametocyte 4 Merozoite develops into ring stage in red blood cell Male gametocyte Ring stage 5 Ring stage grows and divides, producing merozoites Definitive host 7 Another mosquito bites infected humnan and ingests gametocytes 6 Merozoites are released when red blood cell ruptures; some merozoites infect new red blood cells, and some develop into male and female gametocytes Merozoites Figure 12.19

18. Cryptosporidium Figure 25.19

19. Ciliophora (ciliates) • Move by cilia • Complex cells • Balantidium coli is the only human parasite Figure 12.20

20. Euglenozoa • Move by flagella • Photoautotrophs • Euglenoids • Chemoheterotrophs • Naegleria • Flagellated and amoeboid forms, meningoencephalitis • Trypanosoma • Undulating membrane, transmitted by vectors • Leishmania • Flagellated form in sand fly vector, ovoid form in vertebrate host

21. Euglenozoa Figure 12.21

22. Slime Molds

23. Cellular Slime Molds • Plasmodial slime molds • Multinucleated large cells • Cytoplasm separates into stalked sporangia • Nuclei undergo meiosis and form uninucleate haploid spores • Cellular slime molds • Resemble amoebas, ingest bacteria by phagocytosis • Cells aggregate into stalked fruiting body. • Some cells become spores

24. Cellular Slime Mold Figure 12.22

25. Plasmodial Slime Mold Figure 12.23