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TCP/IP Internetworking

TCP/IP Internetworking. Lesson 1: The Internet Infrastructure. Objectives. Define “internetwork” and explain its importance in the data marketplace Describe how TCP/IP can use existing LANs and WANs as backbones for interoperability

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TCP/IP Internetworking

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  1. TCP/IP Internetworking

  2. Lesson 1:The Internet Infrastructure

  3. Objectives • Define “internetwork” and explain its importance in the data marketplace • Describe how TCP/IP can use existing LANs and WANs as backbones for interoperability • Relate internetworks to the concept of the corporate enterprise network • Explain the Internet’s evolution

  4. Objectives(cont’d) • Explain the nature, size and other characteristics of the NSFnet • Define Internet-related organizations such as ISOC, IAB, IETF and IRTF • Explain how TCP/IP relates to standards such as SNA, OSI and IPX/SPX • Identify key internetworking protocols and explain the need for multiprotocol networks

  5. Overview ofNetworking • Traditional networking • Internetworking • Internet versus intranet versus extranet

  6. TCP/IP and Interoperability • TCP/IP can allow different types of networks to communicate with one another • TCP/IP allows an existing LAN and WAN to operate with another

  7. Internetworking and the Corporate Network • Cross-platform • Vendor-neutral

  8. Evolution of the Internet • ARPANET • Test and research networks • Decentralization

  9. Internet-related Authorities • Internet Society (ISOC) • Internet Architecture Board (IAB) • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) • Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) • Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) • Internet Research Group (IRSG)

  10. OSI Reference Model

  11. Packets • Cyclical Redundancy Check • Packet creation • Adding headers • Removing headers

  12. OSI/RMProtocol Examples • Application-layer protocols • Transport-layer protocols • Network-layer protocols • Data link-layer protocols

  13. MajorNetworking Protocols • TCP/IP • IPX/SPX • NetBEUI • AppleTalk • Data Link Control (DLC) • Systems Network Architecture (SNA)

  14. Stateful vs. Stateless • Stateful  connection-oriented • Stateless  connectionless

  15. TCP/IP • Default protocol for • Windows NT 4.0 • Windows 2000 • UNIX • NetWare 5

  16. IPX/SPX • Advantages • Disadvantages • Novell NetWare layers

  17. Multiprotocol Networks • These networks combine routable and nonroutable protocols • Multiple protocols can increase time to troubleshoot and maintain network

  18. Summary • Define “internetwork” and explain its importance in the data marketplace • Describe how TCP/IP can use existing LANs and WANs as backbones for interoperability • Relate internetworks to the concept of the corporate enterprise network • Explain the Internet’s evolution

  19. Summary(cont’d) • Explain the nature, size and other characteristics of the NSFnet • Define Internet-related organizations such as ISOC, IAB, IETF and IRTF • Explain how TCP/IP relates to standards such as SNA, OSI and IPX/SPX • Identify key internetworking protocols and explain the need for multiprotocol networks

  20. Lesson 2:TCP/IP Architecture

  21. Objectives • Describe the Internet architecture model • Explain the purpose and operational essentials of TCP/IP • Describe various Internet protocols • Explain PPP and Multilink PPP operation • Find RFCs and download them from the Internet

  22. Overviewof TCP/IP • Vendor-neutral • Used more widely than anticipated • Powers the Internet

  23. Internet Architecture

  24. Requests for Comments (RFCs) • Protocol states • Internet Standards (STDs) • Reference RFCs

  25. Internet Protocols

  26. De-multiplexing

  27. Specialized Serial Interface Protocols • PPP • RFC 1661, STD 51 • Multilink PPP • RFC 1990 • SLIP • RFC 1055, STD 47

  28. Summary • Describe the Internet architecture model • Explain the purpose and operational essentials of TCP/IP • Describe various Internet protocols • Explain PPP and Multilink PPP operation • Find RFCs and download them from the Internet

  29. Lesson 3:Internet Addressing

  30. Objectives • Explain IP addressing • Define IP address classes • Determine reserved IP addressing • Explain the use of private addresses in intranet design • Design a TCP/IP network and calculate subnetwork addresses • Develop IP addressing schemes for use in an intranet

  31. Internet Addressing • Internet addresses are divided into the following parts • Network • Host • Four fields separated by periods are a common notation for specifying addresses • field1.field2.field3.field4

  32. 1 = On 0 = Off IP Address Fields • Contain 8 bits per field • Range from 0 to 255 decimal field1.field2.field3.field4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 8 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 = 255

  33. Internet Address Classes • Class A • Class B • Class C • Class D • Class E

  34. IP Addressing Rules • Broadcast addresses • Network addresses • Special-case source addresses • Loopback address

  35. Reserved IP Addressing • 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255 • 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 • 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255

  36. Subnetworks • Performance • Manageability • Logical groups

  37. Subnet Masks • Distinguish the network and host portions of an IP address • Specify whether a destination address is local or remote

  38. Custom Subnet Masks • Steps for determining custom subnet masks • Determine the number of subnets needed • Determine the number of bits to borrow from the host portion • Determine the subnet mask

  39. Custom Subnet Masks(cont’d) • Steps for determining custom subnet masks (cont’d) • Determine the maximum number of hosts per subnetwork • Determine the subnetwork addresses for each subnet • Determine the address ranges for each subnetwork

  40. Classless Interdomain Routing • Technique to conserve IP addresses • Also called supernetting

  41. Summary • Explain IP addressing • Define IP address classes • Determine reserved IP addressing • Explain the use of private addresses in intranet design • Design a TCP/IP network and calculate subnetwork addresses • Develop IP addressing schemes for use in an intranet

  42. Lesson 4:Network Access Layer

  43. Objectives • Identify the IEEE LAN standards • Install and test protocol analyzer software • Analyze ethernet packets and identify key components • Identify fields in the ARP header • Use ARP to resolve hardware addresses to Internet addresses • Explain the function of RARP

  44. IEEE Standardsand Ethernet • Ethernet is a predecessor to the IEEE 802.2/802.3 standard, and can be defined as a broadcast system for communication between systems

  45. Ethernet Function • Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)

  46. Determining Ethernet Addresses • Linux • Windows 2000 • Windows 95/98/Me

  47. Ethernet Headers

  48. Address Resolution Protocol

  49. Reverse Address Resolution Protocol • Used by diskless systems to find out their Internet addresses on the network

  50. Summary • Identify the IEEE LAN standards • Install and test protocol analyzer software • Analyze ethernet packets and identify key components • Identify fields in the ARP header • Use ARP to resolve hardware addresses to Internet addresses • Explain the function of RARP

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