1. Notes on Plural Nouns The regular way to form the plural of a noun is to add an s. associate associates novel novels Nouns ending in s, ss, x, z, ch, shwill add an esto form the plural . Jones Joneses crutch crutches If a noun ends in y and is preceded by a consonant, change the y to an iand add es. lady ladies country countries exception: proper names Kennedys If a noun ends in y and is preceded by a vowel, just add an s. journey journeys key keys

2. Nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by either adding s or by changing the f to a vand adding es. lifelives chefchefs Nouns ending in o which follow a vowel are made plural by adding s. If the o follows a consonant, it is made plural by adding es. patio patiostornadotornadoes exceptions (1) musical instruments/terms pianos (2)proper names Brunos 7. For compound nouns written as one word, additions are made to the end of the word. iceboxiceboxes baseball baseballs

3. 8. Compound nouns written separately are made plural by making the first noun plural. sister-in-lawsisters-in-law maid of honor maids of honor exceptions: words like middle schoolmiddle schools or baseball teambaseball teams 9.Some nouns stay the same in the singular and plural form. deer, moose, French 10.The plural of numbers, letters, and symbols are formed by adding ‘s. 1900 1900’s c c’s

4. Some nouns are considered irregular because they change their form. footfeet crisis crises