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Understanding Solutions: Characteristics, Types, and Solubility Factors

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures consisting of two or more substances in a single physical state. Common examples include air, brass, and ocean water. The solute is the substance that is dissolved, while the solvent is the substance that does the dissolving. Solutions can be classified as unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated based on their solute capacity. Factors affecting solubility include temperature, stirring, and surface area for solids, while pressure is crucial for gases. Understanding these concepts is essential in chemistry and everyday applications.

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Understanding Solutions: Characteristics, Types, and Solubility Factors

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  1. Solutions • A homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances in a single physical state. • Air (O2, N2, others…) • Brass (Cu & Zn) • Ocean Water (H2O, NaCl, others) [http://www.sci.qut.edu.au/courses/undergraduate/undergrad_splash.jpg]

  2. [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter11/Text_Images/FG11_TB01.JPG][http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter11/Text_Images/FG11_TB01.JPG]

  3. Solutions • Solutions that mix with one another are soluble. • Solutions that are incapable of mixing are insoluble or immiscible. • “Like dissolves like” Click here for a polarity demo. [http://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/resources/ACS/ACSContent/wondernet/images/wn_float_oil.jpg]

  4. Parts of a Solution • Usually when describing liquid & solid: • Solute is the substance being dissolved. • Solvent is the substance “doing” the dissolving. [http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/89/SaltInWaterSolutionLiquid.jpg]

  5. Ionic Substances Dissolved in H2O [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/602/616516/Media_Assets/Chapter11/Text_Images/FG11_01.JPG] Click here for video clip of dissolving solids.

  6. Types of Solutions • Unsaturated – Can dissolve more solute. • Saturated – Cannot dissolve more solute.

  7. [http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/FG19_05.JPG][http://cwx.prenhall.com/petrucci/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/FG19_05.JPG]

  8. Types of Solutions • Supersaturated – heating in order to dissolve more solute. • Normally for solids dissolved in liquids Click here for video clip. [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_13/FG13_04.JPG]

  9. Heating works opposite for gases in solution. [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/mcmurry2/chapter11/medialib/FG11_006.JPG]

  10. Solubility • Measurement of solute that will dissolve in a solvent under specific conditions. [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH12/FG12_10.JPG]

  11. Solubility • Solutions normally dissolve faster when: • Surface area is increased. • Solution is stirred. • Temperature is increased. (usually for solids!)

  12. Solubility • When dealing with gases, higher pressures causes higher solubility. [http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/hillchem3/medialib/media_portfolio/text_images/CH12/FG12_13.JPG]

  13. [http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_13/FG13_06.JPG][http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/476/488316/Instructor_Resources/Chapter_13/FG13_06.JPG]

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