13 October 2010

1. 13 October 2010 • Warm-up: Explain why you agree or disagree with the following statement: “By and large, women benefited from the rise of Islam.”

2. Family Life • What were the main patterns of life in the Middle East? • Most people lived in small farming communities near a source of water and so would their posterity. • Labor was divided along gender lines. • Most villages would have a mosque and a few small stores. • A section of the house, no matter how small, was set aside as the women’s quarters. • Villagers would not typically trust outsiders.

3. Family Life II • Families were strictly patriarchal. • Women typically sought their husband’s approval, and children were expected to obey their parents. • React: Compare this to your household.

4. Marriage • Traditionally arranged  Very political  enhance or maintain your family’s status. • Koran permits a man to have up to 4 wives, as long as he treats each of them equally. • Very difficult for a woman to divorce a man, but not the other way around “I divorce you” 3xs • React: Would you like to live in this society? Explain.

5. Women • According to the Koran, “Men are the managers of the affairs of women.” • Muslims believed that women were more likely to bring dishonor on their family. • Women must: • Be modest and remain secluded within the home. • Conceal their faces from male non-family members. • Women did exercise considerable influence inside their home.

6. Picture of a traditional burka

7. Women’s Rights • Koran outlawed female infanticide. • Women gained the right to education and the ability to inherit property. • Equal in God’s eyes.

8. Imperialism and Nationalism • Imperialism: The control by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. • Nationalism: Pride and loyalty to one’s country.

9. Why the Ottoman Empire Collapses • Growth in European imperialism and nationalism. • European powers were encouraging the people within the Ottoman Empire to revolt. • “Sick man of Europe.” • Sultans refuse to implement changes.

10. Collapse Part II • “Young Turks”: young army officers that form a revolutionary group. • Goal to strengthen the Empire and end western imperialism. • 1908, overthrew the sultan and placed a new sultan in power. • Not tolerant of ethnic or religious differences • Armenian genocide. • Sided with Germany against Britain, France, and Russia during WWI.

11. Republic of Turkey • After WWI Greece seized control of Anatolia, which upset ethnic Turks. • A military general, Mustafa Kemal, leads a successful resistance movement and eventually abolishes the Ottoman Empire. • Kemal takes the name “Ataturk” “father of the Turks.”

12. Mustafa Kemal

13. Ataturk’s reforms • Make Turkey a modern secular state. • Insisted on a separation between church and state. • Used government funds to build industries. • Introduced western legal reform • Women won the right to vote and hold public office. • Used the western calendar and system of weights and measures

14. Ataturk reforms II • Introduced the western alphabet • Western style of clothing • Women couldn’t wear a veil in public. • Won the support of Turkish nationalists and European countries, but was not a friend of many Muslims.

15. Arab Nationalism • During WWI , some Arabs helped the British fight the Ottomans. In return, they expected to receive an independent kingdom, located in historical Palestine. • Britain and France gained control of many Arab lands that had been part of the O.E. • Only Saudi Arabia gained independence. • Iraq  1932 • Lebanon  1943 • Syria  1946