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Nuclear Chemistry

This guide explores the fundamentals of nuclear chemistry, focusing on radiation types and decay equations. Radiation, defined as energy traveling through a medium that can ionize atoms, encompasses processes such as radioactive decay—a phenomenon where unstable atomic nuclei lose energy by emitting particles and radiation. We also delve into transmutation, where parent radionuclides transform into daughter nuclides. Key radiation types include alpha emission, beta emission, and gamma emission, each with distinct properties and protective measures.

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Nuclear Chemistry

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  1. Nuclear Chemistry Types of Radiation Decay Equations

  2. What is radiation? • Energy traveling through medium with enough energy to ionize atoms • Ionize – cause to form an ion • occurs when an electron is stripped (or "knocked out") from an electron shell, which leaves the atom with a net positive charge

  3. What is radioactive decay? • Process where the nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and emits radiation

  4. What is transmutation? • Process in which an atom, called the parent radionuclide, transforms into: • an atom with a nucleus in a different state • an atom with different nucleus containing different numbers of nucleons • Either of these products is named the daughter nuclide. • The decay process results in nuclear transmutation(creation of an atom of a new element)

  5. Synonyms and Symbols • Atom in nuclear chemistry is described as a nuclide • EX. Parent or daughter nuclide • Nucleus in nuclear chemistry is described as a nucleon = proton + neutron

  6. Types of Radiation

  7. ALPHA EMISSION • Radioactive decay process by which a particle with two neutrons + two protons is ejected from the nucleus of a radioactive atom. • The alpha particle is identical to the nucleus of a helium atom.

  8. Alpha Decay Equation

  9. ALPHA PROTECTION ALPHA ABSORBED BY PAPER + SKIN.

  10. BETA EMISSION • type of radioactive decay in which a beta particle (electron) is emitted from an atom as nucleus breaks apart

  11. BETA ABSORPTION BETA STOPPED BY METALLIC FOIL AND WOOD.

  12. BETA DECAY EQUATION

  13. BETA DECAY EQUATION

  14. GAMMA EMISSION • High energy ionizing radiation that is biologically hazardous • Produced from radioisotopes when electrons transition from excited to ground state

  15. GAMMA EMISSION VERY DANGEROUS VERY PENETRATING

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