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The New Imperialism

The New Imperialism. Europe Meets the World. “Lopsided World”. The Industrial Revolution created an economic gap between Europe and the rest of the world in the 19 th century. 19 th c . the “British Century” “Third World” / Non-Industrialized. Conquest of Distance. Railroads Steamboats

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The New Imperialism

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  1. The New Imperialism Europe Meets the World

  2. “Lopsided World” The Industrial Revolution created an economic gap between Europe and the rest of the world in the 19th century. 19thc. the “British Century” “Third World” / Non-Industrialized

  3. Conquest of Distance Railroads Steamboats Canals Suez – Egypt Panama Increase in intercontinental trade

  4. Canals Suez Canal (1869) Panama Canal (1914) With the construction of the Panama and Suez Canals, the world is getting smaller than ever…

  5. Emigration Not only were Europeans reproducing in record numbers at the turn on the 20th century, but they were also leaving Europe in record numbers “Great Migration” Europeans nearly 40 percent of global population in 1900.

  6. A lot can change in 100 years… World Population in 2005

  7. New Imperialism 1880-1914 European nations take control over most of the globe. Different from “Old Imperialism” of the Age of Exploration

  8. British Empire • By 1921: • ¼ of global population and land mass

  9. Africa The “Dark Continent” In 1880, Westerners had only claimed a few coastal areas… the rest was a mystery. “The Dark Continent is no place for an addict, Elaine.” – J. Peterman http://jpeterman.com/

  10. Africa 1880 – 1914 Several European nations claim portions of Africa

  11. The Scramble for Africa 1886 1914 http://unimaps.com/africa

  12. Belgian Congo King Leopold governed directly Local inhabitants treated harshly Rubber

  13. Sir Cecil Rhodes British Made a fortune mining diamonds in S. Africa DeBeers Corporation “Band of Brothers” Rhodesia Rhodes Scholarships Philanthropy

  14. Rhodes MonumentSouth Africa

  15. British Imperial Wars (Africa) Boer guerrillas during the Second Boer War • Boer Wars • vs. Boers (Afrikaners) • Descendents of original Dutch Calvinist colonists • Anglo-Zulu War • vs. native Zulu tribe

  16. “Buffalo Horns” Formation(Zulu)

  17. Quinine Used to treat malaria – a common disease in Sub-Saharan Africa and India Bitter Taste – best when combined with other ingredients Tonic Water

  18. British India British East India Company (Until 1858) “Mutiny” (1857-1858) Raj (1858-1947) India governed directly by British gov.

  19. British India Administration 3,500 member British civil service 300 Million Indians

  20. British India The British established a secondary education system English-speaking, Indian elite served in the British government and army Absorbed British culture

  21. Glass Ceiling Highest positions were still filled by the British Resentment Nationalism starts with this offended Indian elite

  22. China Closed System 1500 – Most Advanced Technologies Europeans borrow during Age of Exploration 1800 – Behind Europe Technologically

  23. China China still not interested in European goods in 19th century British have to pay for Chinese goods with silver.

  24. China Opium Trade Grown in India, sold in China Opium Wars 1839-42, 1856-60 British Win – gain Hong Kong (returned to China in 1997) British India Opium China Silver

  25. Japan 1500s – Jesuit missionaries arrive 1600s – Jesuits – and all outsiders – expelled 1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry (U.S.N.) demands negotiations Japan opens/Westernizes

  26. Reasons for New Imperialism • Technology Gap in late 19th century • Greater than any time before or since • National Security • Protect investments (e.g., Suez Canal) • Naval Bases • Special Interests (missionaries, etc.) • Adventure • Civilizing Mission • Education • White Man’s Burden / Brown Man’s Burden

  27. Social Darwinism • Origin of the Species (1859) • Evolutionary theory • Common descent • Survival of the fittest

  28. Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer Social Darwinism applies Darwin’s scientific findings to justify fierce competition between individuals and nations for dominance.

  29. Social Darwinism “I contend… that we [English] are the finest race in the world and the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race.” -- Sir Cecil Rhodes

  30. Critics of Imperialsim J.A. Hobson, Imperialism: A Study (1905) “Cui bono?” (Who benefits?)

  31. V.I. Lenin Imperialism: The Highest Stage of Capitalism Claimed that capitalist nations needed imperialism in order to survive… they would eventually run out of territories to exploit.

  32. Russo-Japanese War

  33. Who Will Control Korea?

  34. Westernization

  35. Mikasa British-built Japanese Battleship

  36. July, 1904 – Jan., 1905 Siege of Port Arthur Russian Pacific Fleet destroyed

  37. Russia Redeploys Baltic Fleet

  38. Russia Loses Again

  39. Japan Wins First victory of an Asian Power over European Power

  40. Treaty of Portsmouth The U.S. Mediates

  41. NOBEL PEACE PRIZE (1906)

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