Tracing, Tracking & the Draft Illicit Trade Protocol

1. Tracing, Tracking & the Draft Illicit Trade Protocol With John W. Colledge III February 8, 2012

2. Introduction Patricia Lambert Director International Legal Consortium Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids

3. Questions and Answers Type your questions here throughout the webinar and we will answer them at the end.

4. John W. Colledge III Consultant on Anti-Illicit Trade Supervisory Criminal Investigator (Retired) Department of Homeland Security and the U.S. Customs Service

5. h Moderator Aaron Schwid Legal Advisor International Legal Consortium Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids

6. FCTC Article 15(2) “Each Party shall adopt and implement effective... measures to ensure that all unit packets and packages of tobacco products and any outside packaging of such products are marked to assist Parties in determining the origin of tobacco products, and... assist Parties in determining the point of diversion and monitor, document and control the movement of tobacco products and their legal status.”

7. Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (INB) on a Protocol on Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products (ITP) First session 11 – 16 February 2008 Second session 20 – 25 October 2008 Third session 28 June – 5 July 2009 Fourth session 14 – 21 March 2010 Fifth session 29 March – 4 April 2012

8. Illicit Trade Protocol • Supply Chain Control • Licensing • Customer ID and verification • Tracking and Tracing • Record Keeping • Security Measures • Internet Sales, free zones and duty-free sales • Offenses • Search, Seizure, and Disposal • Investigations, Prosecutions, and Penalties • International Cooperation, Reporting, and Administrative Issues

9. What is “Tracking” & “Tracing?” • Tracing is a post seizure or investigative tool used to reconstruct the flow of merchandise, including contraband, to its source. • Ex: Controlled Delivery • Tracking is a proactive crime prevention tool to follow merchandise while it moves through the supply chain. • Ex: Computer detects anomalies

10. Examples of Product Markings Firearms and Explosives

11. Examples of Product Markings Alcoholic beverages

12. Examples of Product Marking Pharmaceuticals

13. Examples of Product Marking Currency

14. Examples of Product Marking Software

15. Why Track & Trace? • Safeguard high value merchandise. • Protect public health and safety. • Collect and protect revenue. • Deter diversion, theft, and corruption. • Provide investigative tools. • Ensure product authenticity.

16. Divergent Needs in Tracking & Tracing Systems • Tobacco Industry Interests • Protect profits • Deter theft • Protect trademark • Government Interests • Collect and protect revenue (taxes and tariffs) • Interdiction – contraband seizure • Investigations and prosecutions • Protect public health and safety • Discourage illicit trade and corruption • Conflicting Interests • Knowledge is power. Who controls the process and information? • Tobacco = $ • Tobacco industry’s historic and ongoing participation in illicit trade

17. Comprehensive System • Trace and Trace systems secure products moving through the supply chain. • The product itself needs to be secured with advanced anti-counterfeiting systems at the start of production. • Unique Identification Numbers alone are insufficient for securing each product and preventing illicit trade. • Control and audit measures need to be in place at the points of sale to prevent illegal products from entering into legal circulation.

18. Example of Tracking & Tracing System © De La Rue Limited 2012

19. Centralized Secure Data Center Must be government controlled and operated © De La Rue Limited 2012

20. Code Request © De La Rue Limited 2012

21. Codes Applies and Activated © De La Rue Limited 2012

22. Distribution © De La Rue Limited 2012

23. Customer – First Consignee © De La Rue Limited 2012

24. Consumer – Wholesaler or Retailer © De La Rue Limited 2012

25. Government Enforcement © De La Rue Limited 2012

26. Example of Track & Tracing System © De La Rue Limited 2012

27. Basic Markings Tax Stamp Philip Morris Codes

28. Basic Markings - Other Tobacco Products One-dimensional barcode One-dimensional barcode

29. Digital Tax Stamp Features © De La Rue Limited 2012

30. What is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) • Generic term for a system that transmits the identity of an object wirelessly using radio waves • RFID transmits a unique serial number • Cost-prohibitive at the pack level (for now) (http://www.aimglobal.org/technologies/rfid/what_is_rfid.asp) (http://www.ictrfid.com/)

31. Examples of Current Tax Stamps Digital Tax Stamp –Massachusetts, USA SICPA Securink Corporation Philip Morris International Switzerland

32. Examples of Current Tax Stamps Canada SICPA excise stamp

33. Data Requirements in the Draft Illicit Trade Protocol • Date and location of manufacture • Manufacturing facility • Machine used to manufacture tobacco products • Production shift or time of manufacture • First customer data • The intended market of retail sale • Product description • Any warehousing and shipping • The identity of any known subsequent purchaser • The intended shipment route, destination, point of departure and consignee This data is collected and maintained by government agencies in your country!

34. Examples of Other Useful Data Linked to a Comprehensive System • Brand name • Trademark holder • Harmonized tariff schedule number • Customs Duties and payment record • Taxes paid and payment record • Previously reported stolen, destroyed, seized or returned to the manufacturer • Importation for destruction, date and location of intended destruction. (usually the trademark holder)

35. Current Enhanced Systems • National Systems • Albania • Brazil • Canada • Dominican Republic* • Ecuador* • Germany* • Guatemala* • Jamaica • Kenya • Kosovo • Kyrgyzstan • Lebanon* • Morocco • National Systems (continued) • Panama* • Peru* • Portugal* • Spain • Thailand • Turkey • Ukraine • Subnational Systems • California (USA) • Massachusetts (USA) ( *Codentify® - Developed and patented by Philip Morris International

36. What is “Tracking” and “Tracing” in ITP Article 7 • “Tracking” means systematic monitoring by competent authorities or any other person acting on their behalf… • “Tracing” means the re-creation by competent authorities or any other person acting on their behalf…

37. Tracking and TracingITP Article 7 • Unique, secure and non-removable • Codes or stamps • All unit packets, packages • Cigarettes – within five years • Other Tobacco Products – within ten years

38. Required Key Elements for ITP Article 7 • Covert Codes – Invisible with encoded information that can be decoded by specialized readers. A visible unique code can be copied and when applied on an illegitimate product suggests legitimacy that is misleading. • Codes at Unit Pack Level – Origin information of products can be compromised by switching of master case contents. Unit pack is the unit of taxation as well as sale. Relevant security information needs to be put at pack level. • Real-Time Information Access – In the fast moving environment of cigarettes, delay in detection of illicit trade will result in ineffective control. Real-time visibility is critical to enforcement. • Best Available Technology – Currently secure track and trace systems using covert codes are operational in several countries.

39. What is “Consensus”? • Tentative agreement on the text • ITP Article 7 is not final until the entire draft Protocol is final • “Nothing is agreed until everything is agreed.” Ian Walton, INB Chair. • INB delegates must be prepared to lobby and negotiate any possible changes that could occur related to ITP Article 7

40. Major Unresolved Issues • Who controls the systems? Industry, Governments, vendors? • Tracking Requirements • Global Information Sharing Focal Point

41. Industry Control and Influence of Systems • “Obligations assigned to a party shall not be performed by or delegated to the tobacco industry.” ITP Art 7 (12) • Previously signed “legally and binding” cooperation agreements between the governments and tobacco manufacturers

42. Tracking Systems • Tracking is defined, but not fully developed • ITP should prioritize tracking on the same level or higher than tracing • Many existing systems are described as T&T systems, but they are really only tracing systems

43. Global Information SharingFocal Point • Not clearly defined in the ITP draft • Make queries or requests to Global Information Sharing Focal Point • Exchange relevant data • Based at the WHO in Geneva • Government controlled data and systems – not industry controlled

44. A Possible Solution for the Global Information Sharing Focal Point National Law Enforcement Telecommunications System nlets.org

45. What System Does My Country Need? • Government-controlled system free of the tobacco industry. • A system that is based upon governmental needs of revenue (including customs), police and prosecutors. • A system that is based on how tobacco flows to local market, considering manufacturing, free zones, imports, exports and illicit trade • System that integrates other taxed products such as alcoholic and other beverages. • Costs passed to the tobacco industry or users, external financing, funding arrangements with security system vendors.

46. Conclusion • Tracking and tracing was intended to aid in the collection and protection of government revenues, not tobacco industry trademarks and profits. • It is not necessary to wait for a finalized ITP. • Tracking and tracing will not solve all your problems. • There are many myths surrounding tracking and tracing – educate yourself!

47. Tracing, Tracking & the Draft Illicit Trade Protocol Questions and Answers

48. Thank You. For more information, go to: www.tobaccocontrollaws.org or http://tobaccofreecenter.org/resources/illicit_trade_smuggling