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The Finnish Educational System. * Preschool education for 6 year- olds* Basic education (compulsory ) 7-16 year- olds* Upper secondary and upper vocational schools, 17-19 year-olds* Higher vocational education and universities . History of preschool 1. in the1840s: schools for sm
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1. Welcome to the power point presentation titledThe Finnish Preschool System and Education Presentation at the congress 'Childhood, Child good'
KATHO Belgium on the 18th- 20th of April 2002
Ph.D Ulla Härkönen
Ph.D, Lecturer in Early Childhood Education
University of Joensuu
Savonlinna Department of Teacher Education
P.B 55, 57101 Savonlinna
FINLAND
email: Ulla.Harkonen@joensuu.fi
http://sokl.joensuu.fi/harkonen
This presentation is made for different sistuations:
- in Belgium 2002
- in Savonlinna for international students 2002, 2003,
- in PowerPoin study
- in Tallinnan Pedagogical Ylikool in April 2003
- in Daugavpils in Latvia 2003
This presentation is made for different sistuations:
- in Belgium 2002
- in Savonlinna for international students 2002, 2003,
- in PowerPoin study
- in Tallinnan Pedagogical Ylikool in April 2003
- in Daugavpils in Latvia 2003
2. The Finnish Educational System * Preschool education for 6 year- olds
* Basic education (compulsory )
7-16 year- olds
* Upper secondary and upper vocational
schools, 17-19 year-olds
* Higher vocational education and
universities
3. History of preschool 1 in the1840s: schools for small children
in 1863 Uno Cygnaeus: a kindergarten and a model school by the teacher seminar
in 1888 the first kindergarten in Finland; Friedrich Fröbel; Hanna Rothman and Elisabet Alander
in the 1920s Aukusti Salo: the kindergarten and lower classes are close to each other
in the 1940s: the kindergarten is like home, not like school
4. History of preschool 2 at the end of the 1960s: the great school reform, also preschool experiments
1970: The Preschool Committee
1972: the first preschool curriculum
1984: the preschool curriculum for 6 year- olds
1996: The Basics of Preschool Curriculum
2000: The Basics of Preschool Curriculum
5. Authorities behind Preschool curriculums National Social Administration
National School Administration
Center for Social and Health Studies
National Board of Education
sometimes alltogether, sometimes separately
The last preschool curriculum is published by the National Board of Education, but made together with The Center for Social and Health Studies
6. Typical things for preschool in Finland 1 preschool lies between social and educational spheres
earlier preschool meant ages: 0-6 or 3-6 or only 6
nowadays preschool means only 6 year- olds
preschool belongs to early childhood education as it has always been
preschool does not belong to basic education
7. Typical things for preschool in Finland 2 school obligation in Finland begins at the age of 7
it has been discussed if the age of 6 would be a better age to start the school
preschool is mainly - 80-90 % - arranged by social authorities in day care centres
only about 10 % of preschool is arranged by educational authorities at schools
8. Typical things for preschool in Finland 3 the average age group is 65 000 children
in 1997: 35 000 6 year-olds were in day care centre preschool groups and 7 500 in school preschool groups
nowadays about 6000 preschool children are at preschool in schools
in 1999: 80 % of 6 year-olds attended voluntary preschool, varying from 20 % to 97 % in different parts of Finland
9. Typical things for preschool in Finland 4 the New Preschool Acts entered into force 1.8.2000
municipalities are obliged to offer preschool education since 1.8.2001
preschool is voluntary for a child
a child has the right to free preschool
The new Basics of Preschool Curriculum could be used from 1.8.2001 and be put into full use at least on 1.8.2002
preschool teachers plan local curriculums in cooperation with several partners: other teachers, parents, children, researchers, authorities etc.
10. Typical things for preschool in Finland 5 preschool covers at least 700 hours a year
preschool can be max. 5 hours a day
preschool can be arranged in many ways
preschool children can be in full-time day care groups (8-10 hours) or in part-time day care groups (4-5 hours a day) ; preschool can be a part of a day or the whole day!
the preschool children who are at schools may need afternoon care in day care centres or in family day care centres
11. Schedule of a preschool day
12. The aims and goals of preschool offer better learning possibilities and good learning environments
learn to learn
enjoy learning
positive self-concept
basic knowledge, skills and attitudes
understand the meaning of the group
learn to differ the right and the wrong
good manners
learn equality
enjoy the nature, culture and language
manage in everyday life
13. Obligatory things in preschool ? municipality must arrange preschool
local curriculums must be planned on the basis of the national curriculum
the custodian chooses whether a child gets religious instruction or world outlook knowledge or some other ethical instruction
subjects: language and interaction, mathematics, ethics and world outlook, science and environment, health, physical development, art and culture
learning, teaching, playing, learning environment
a child can get a participation certificate (not obligatory)
14. Preschool-teacher education 1 kindergarten teachers are trained at certain universities’ teacher training departments
it lasts 3 years
it is characteristic of the Finnish day care system that the staff is highly-qualified and highly-educated
teachers learn the theory of day care and preschool education as well as the latest research and its applications
they know also the day care tradition like Fröbel and other pedagogies (Montessori, Steiner, Dewey, Neill, Malaguzzi)
the preschool teachers themselves are also active in researching the education, learning and teaching
15. Preschool-teacher education 2 educational science
early childhood educational science
development psychology and psychology
languages, math. , science, music, art, gymnastics, drama
practices: 3 weeks in the first year, 2 weeks in the second year, 4 weeks in the third year in autumn, 3 weeks in the third year in spring
a student is free to choose only 4 optional cu
we have the year and credit unit system
16. Preschool-teacher education 3 one training preschool class at a nearby practice school
about 13 day care centres in our small town of Savonlinna
students go for two practice terms all over Finland and sometimes for 2 weeks practice abroad
preschool teachers instruct students during every practice term
university lecturers come once to guide and instruct a student pair during the first practice
university lecturers come once to guide a single student during the last practice term
17. Preschool-teacher education 4: Preschool and Primary School Teacher Education 3 years: 120 cu
practice 12 cu
candidate’s thesis 5 cu
methodological studies together
early childhood education for 15 cu
the structure of the curriculum is the same
we are highly integrated 4 years: 160 cu
practice 14-16 cu
master thesis 16 cu + 4 cu
they have more methodological studies
more didactics and school subjects
many professors and lecturers are common (it makes also problems)
18. Preschool-teacher education 5: Problems or not ? integration with primary school teacher education, kindergarten teachers and primary school teachers (1-2 classes) may teach preschool children in day care centres or at schools
preschool has got most of attention, what about other age groups in day care ? Under 3 year-olds?
theories put stress on learning or on development or on didactics but what about the entire personality and education of the child?
schools put stress on didactics, is it too narrow a point of view?
how are different action forms: basic activities, work, real play, celebrations, trips ?
19. Some www-addresses http://www.stakes.fi
http://www.lastentarha.fi
http://www.minedu.fi
http://www.edu.fi/info/system/english/index.html
http://www.oph.fi
http://www.joensuu.fi
http://savonlinnakampus.joensuu.fi
http://www.savonlinna.fi
http://www.operafestival.fi
http://www.yle.fi/opinportti/makasiini/ 20020415/ullaharkonen.shtml
http://www.yle.fi/mikaeli/arkisto/tutkimus/varhaiskasvatus/index.htm
http://sokl.joensuu.fi/harkonen
20. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION ! And welcome to Finland and to University of Joensuu
Savonlinna Department of Teacher Education