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Early Civilizations of Ancient India. Info Taken from: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Canal Winchester Local School District 100 Washington Street Canal Winchester, OH 43110. The Indus River Valley Civilization. Over 2,000 years old!
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Early Civilizations of Ancient India Info Taken from: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY Canal Winchester Local School District100 Washington StreetCanal Winchester, OH 43110
The Indus River Valley Civilization • Over 2,000 years old! • 2,500 BC developed on the banks of the Indus River Valley • Referred to as Dravidian Culture • Or Harappan Civilization • After one of its major cities • Lasted until approx. 1,700 BC • Near present-day Pakistan • Borders stretch from present-day Kabul, Afghanistan to Delhi, India
I. The Indus River Valley Civilization • Hundreds of towns and two major cities: • Harappa • Mohenjo-Daro • Large city • Well-built homes • Public buildings • Canals • City walls
Citadel Of Mohenjo-Daro
I. The Indus River Valley Civilization • Mohenjo-Daro • Craft workers used clay for beautiful figurines and communication • Streets in a grid design • Expected a large population • roughly 30,000 citizens • Wall around the city • Houses had brick/stone foundations • Houses had as many as three floors. • Several rooms, toilets, wells, drainage system with brick lined sewers in the streets • Citizens were conveniently able to dispose of their garbage through a slit cut into their house which would then fall into containers lined up on the street below. • Ditches and canals for irrigation • Public bathhouse • Buildings for storing grain and holding meetings
The Great Bath, Mohenjo-Daro Mohenjo-Daro’s brick floored bathhouses were even designed to have dirty water drain through clay pipes into an underground gutter system
Harappan Writing Undecipherable to date.
The Vedic Age (1500 BCE - 500 BCE)
II. The Aryan Influence on South Asia • 1,700 BC—Aryans came to South Asia • Migrated through Russia and passes in the Hindu Kush mountains • Suggests that Aryans played a role in the end of the Harappan civilization • Aryan people and Indus River valley civilization eventually blended into one culture • This culture was concentrated in both the Indus River valley and the Ganges River valley
What Happened? • The Dravidian culture, • a civilized peaceful matriarchal empire. • This is a very good thing, but not when another culture wants to take over control. • The Dravidians were totally unprepared for invasion by the barbaric patriarchal tribes of Aryans. • However the Dravidian empire did hold out for several centuries before being taken over by the Aryans. • When the Aryans took the empire, they imposed a harsh patriarchal control over the land. • The Aryans divided the empire into four classes and the Dravidians were at the bottom of the barrel. • The defeated Dravidians, • now called the Shudras, • were enslaved and their only right was to serve the upper three classes of Aryans.
Aryan Migration • pastoral depended on their cattle. • warriors horse-drawn chariots.
The Vedas • 1200 BCE-600 BCE. • written in SANSKRIT. • Hindu core of beliefs: • hymns and poems. • religious prayers. • magical spells. • lists of the gods and goddesses. Rig Veda oldest work.
Varna (Social Hierarchy) Brahmins Kshatriyas Vaishyas Shudras Pariahs [Harijan] Untouchables
The Caste System Brahmins WHO IS… Kshatriyas • The mouth? • The arms? • The legs? • The feet? Vaishyas Shudras What is a JATI?
The Vedic Age The foundations for Hinduism were established!