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Hunting forest and summer pastures: Loweswater in relation to Copeland Forest

Counting Sheep: a thousand years of farming and land use change in Loweswater Extracts from a talk given at Loweswater by Angus Winchester, 16 December 2008. E. E = ‘erg’ place-name. separated from forest 1230. E. E.

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Hunting forest and summer pastures: Loweswater in relation to Copeland Forest

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  1. Counting Sheep: a thousand years of farming and land use change in LoweswaterExtracts from a talk given at Loweswater by Angus Winchester, 16 December 2008

  2. E E = ‘erg’ place-name separated from forest 1230 E E Hunting forest and summer pastures: Loweswater in relation to Copeland Forest

  3. Colonisation, 1150-1300 • Mosser (mos-erg) granted c.1200 • Dispute over rights in Waterend wood area, 1290 ‘Waterend wood’

  4. John Wilson, d. Dec. 1592 2 horses, 1 mare 2 oxen 5 kyne 2 ‘whyes’ [heifers] 4 young cattle 3 calves 36 old sheep 19 ‘hodges’ [hoggs] James Hudson, d. May 1589 1 horse 2 oxen 6 kyne 5 young cattle 85 old sheep 27 lambs Two Elizabethan Loweswater farmers

  5. Traditional farming system • Subsistence arable • Mainly oats (‘havver’); some barley (‘bigg’); little wheat • Intensively-cultivated home fields; long ley rotations (‘outfield’; ‘leys’) • Meadows • Hay for winter fodder • Aftermath (‘fogg’) vital grazing • Cattle • Small breeding herd; trade in young stock • Sheep • Wool-producing flock (large proportion of wethers) • Away-wintering of hoggs

  6. 1839 sheep numbers 0 In 1839 it was estimated that there were 6,224 sheep in the township, in the hands of 30 owners. 500 400 300 50 200 100 Proportions in flocks of different sizes The largest flocks were: William Simon [Kirkhead]: 1,200 Jonathan Rowlin [Godferhead]: 700 Jonathan Pearson [Park]: 550 Joseph Walker [High Nook]: 500

  7. Loweswater: acreage under crops, 1867-1917 1867 1877 1887 1897 1907 1917

  8. Loweswater: cattle, 1867-1917 1867 1877 1887 1897 1907 1917

  9. Loweswater: sheep numbers, 1867-1917 1867 1877 1887 1897 1907 1917

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