1 / 41

FETAL MONITORING ANTE AND INTRAPARTUM

FETAL MONITORING ANTE AND INTRAPARTUM. DR. OSHINOWO M.B;B.S, FRCOG OBSTETRICIAN/GYNAECOLOGIST. INTRODUCTION. The aim of ANC Ensure maternal well being Ensure Fetal well being Identifying risks factors

ranit
Télécharger la présentation

FETAL MONITORING ANTE AND INTRAPARTUM

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. FETAL MONITORINGANTE AND INTRAPARTUM DR. OSHINOWO M.B;B.S, FRCOG OBSTETRICIAN/GYNAECOLOGIST

  2. INTRODUCTION • The aim of ANC • Ensure maternal well being • Ensure Fetal well being • Identifying risks factors • Monitoring of certain parameters ie Weight, BP, Urinalysis, Blood sugar (if necessary)

  3. ANTEPARTUM • PHYSICAL • BIOCHEMICAL • ELECTRONIC

  4. PHYSICAL FUNDAL HEIGHT • SMALL FOR DATE • OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS • IUGR • IUD • LARGE FOR DATE • MULTIPLE GESTATION • POLYHYDRAMNIOS • FIBROIDS

  5. ULTRASONOGRAPHY • Comes in 2D, 3D and recently 4D modes • Demonstrates features like Fetal anatomy, fetal weight, fetal movement, placental location, amniotic fluid volume • Helpful in specialized procedures like amniocentesis, Chorionic villus sampling, Biophysical profile, Fetal doppler, Fetal echocardiogram etc

  6. GROWTH ULTRASOUND • Performed every 3 to 4 weeks • Fetus at risk of fetal growth restrictions secondary to medical conditions of pregnancy or fetal abnormalities

  7. FETAL MOVEMENT ASSESSMENT • Normal: 10 movements/fetal kicks in 12 hours (Cardiff count to ten) • Decreased fetal movement may precede fetal death by days • Mothers should be encouraged to keep a FKC especially in high risks patients

  8. NON STRESS TEST (NST) • Assesses fetal movements with FHR acceleration • Reactive/Reassuring NST: 2 or more FHR accelerations at least 15 bpm above the baseline lasting at least 15 secs in a 20 mins period • Non reassuring NST may suggest fetal acidosis • What to do depends on gestational age

  9. BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE (BPP) • Composes of 5 components • Non stress test (NST) • Amniotic Fluid Volume (vertical pocket of 2cm or more) • Fetal breathing movements (30 secs or more in 30 mins) • Fetal movements (3 or more in 30 mins) • Fetal tone (Extension/Flexion of an extremity) • Each carry a score of 2 points, a total of 8 or 10 is Normal, 6 is Equivocal, and 4 or less is abnormal

  10. MODIFIED BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE • Combines Non stress Test + Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI) • AFI is measured by dividing the uterus into 4 quadrants and measuring the largest vertical pocket in each quadrant; the result summed up in millimeters • A nonreactive NST + AFI less than 50mm requires further intervention

  11. CONTRACTION STRESS TEST (CST) • Rarely used today • Measures the response of Fetal HR to contractions • The test requires 3 contractions in 10 mins • A positive or Abnormal test results in decelerations in more than half of the contractions • Negative result: no deceleration with the contractions • Contraindication : Any case where labour not allowed

  12. DOPPLER STUDIES • Assesses multi-vessel evaluation of fetal status • Can be used to assess a compromised fetus i.e growth restriction • Functions as a diagnostic tool that alerts the clinician

  13. INTRAPARTUM FETAL MONITORING

  14. Baseline Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) • Is the mean level of the FHR when this is stable, excluding accelerations and decelerations • It is determined over a time period of 5-10 minutes, expressed as beats per minute (bpm) NOTE: Preterm fetuses tend to have values towards the upper end of the normal range

  15. Basic Features of FH Trace

  16. Baseline Variability • Is the minor fluctuation in baseline FHR • It is assessed by estimating the difference in bpm between the highest peak and lowest trough of fluctuation in one minute segments of the trace • Uterine activity Normal variability is reassuring Sign that fetus nervous system is intact

  17. Baseline variability CTGBaseline variability

  18. 2 types of Variability Short- Term variability or Beat to Beat variability • Is the difference between successive heartbeats or the moment Long Term Variability • Is wider fluctuations • Over one (1) minute that causes wavy appearance in the monitor • Absent - No fluctuation Minimal - 5 bpm or less Moderate/Normal – 5bpm to 25

  19. Accelerations • Are transient increases in FHR of 15bpm or more above the baseline and lasting 15 seconds. • Accelerations in preterm fetuses may be of lesser amplitude and shorter duration.

  20. Decelerations • Are transient episodes of decrease of FHR below the baseline of more than 15 bpm lasting at least 15 seconds, which are: • Early, Variable and Delayed • Time relationships with contraction cycle may be variable but most commonly occur simultaneously with contractions.

  21. EFM Decelerations • Decelerations- transient slowing of FHR below the baseline level of more than 15 bpm and lasting for 15 sec. Or more.

  22. Early Deceleration Uniform, repetitive decrease of FHR with slow onset early in the contraction and slow return to baseline by the end of the contraction

  23. Fig 3 Early Decelerations

  24. Late decelerations Uniform, repetitive decreasing of FHR with, usually, slow onset mid to end of the contraction and nadir more than 20 seconds after the peak of the contraction and ending after the contraction

  25. Fig 4 Late Decelerations

  26. Variable Deceleration Repetitive or intermittent decreasing of FHR with rapid onset and recovery • Variable onset

  27. Fig 5 Variable Decelerations

  28. Prolonged Decelerations • Decrease of FHR below the baseline of more than 15 bpm for longer than 90 seconds but less than 5 minutes • Is pathological when crosses 2 contractions i.e 3 mins • Reduction in Oxygen transfer to placenta • Associated with poor neonatal outcome

  29. Fig 6 Prolonged Deceleration

  30. Prolonged DecelerationsCAUSES • Cord prolapse. • Maternal hypertension • Uterine Hypertonia • Followed by a VE or ARM or SROM with High presenting part

  31. Normal antenatal CTG trace • The normal antenatal CTG is associated with a low probability of fetal compromise and has the following features: • Baseline fetal heart rate (FHR) is between 110-160 bpm • Variability of FHR is between 5-25 bpm • Decelerations are absent or early • Accelerations x2 within 20 minutes

  32. Non-reassuring CTG trace Is where any of the following is present: • The presence of two or more features is considered abnormal as these may be associated with fetal compromise and require further action • Baseline FHR is between 100-109 bpm or between 161-170 bpm • Variability of FHR is reduced (3-5 bpm for >40 minutes)

  33. Abnormal CTG trace The following features are very likely to be associated with significant fetal compromise and require further action- • Two of the features described in non-reassuring CTG trace are present, OR • Baseline FHR is <100 bpm or >170 bpm • Variability is absent or <3 bpm • Variability is sinusoidal • Decelerations are prolonged for >3 minutes / late / have complicated variables

  34. Process Preparation • Determine indication for fetal monitoring • Discuss fetal monitoring with the woman and obtain permission to commence • Perform abdominal examination to determine lie and presentation • Give the woman the opportunity to empty her bladder • The woman should be in an upright or lateral position (not supine)

  35. Process Preparation • Check the accurate date and time has been set on the CTG machine, and paper speed is set at 1cm per minute • CTGs must be labelled with the mother’s name, her number and date / time of commencement • Maternal heart rate must be recorded on the CTG at commencement of the CTG in order to differentiate between maternal and fetal heart rates

  36. ASSESSING THE CTG USING DR C M BRAVADO • Determine risk if the woman is a high or low obstetric risk. This sets the background for the interpretation • C Assess the frequency and quality of Contractions per 10 minutes. • M Assess fetal Movements, presence of Meconium and Maternal observations • Bra Determine Baseline Rate and compare with earlier rate if possible. • V Assess baseline Variability, is it normal, increased or reduced. • A Are Accelerations present in response to fetal movements or contractions • D If Decelerations are present, what are their characteristics. • O Give an overall classification for the CTG • Normal • Suspicious • Pathological

  37. FETAL SCALP BLOOD SAMPLING • Useful in the presence of a non reassuring CTG • A scalp blood sample for pH or lactate determination • Specificity is high ( A normal value rules out asphyxia) • The sensitivity and positive predictive value of a low scalp pH in identifying a newborn with Hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is low

  38. FETAL PULSE OXIMETRY • Measures fetal oxygenation during labour • It is performed using a sensor placed transcervically against the fetal cheek • Normal values btw 35% and 65% • Metabolic acidosis develops when the value falls below 30% for at least 10-15 mins

  39. CONCLUSION • The well being of any pregnancy begins pre-conception with adequate counselling of mothers with medical conditions • Pregnancy monitoring begins early in the gestation • Early and frequent prenatal care allows the care provider to screen the population to identify pregnancies at risk, afterall

  40. “A NORMAL DELIVERY IS ONE IN WHICH THE MOTHER AND THE BABY ARE IN GOOD CONDITION REGARDLESS OF THE MODE OF DELIVERY”

  41. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

More Related