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Discovering Utah’s Early Inhabitants: From Paleo-Indians to Anasazi

Explore the rich history of Utah's early inhabitants, starting with the Paleo-Indians who roamed the region 11,000 to 13,000 years ago. These nomadic hunters relied on wild plants, seeds, and large game such as woolly mammoths. Following them were the Archaic People, who adapted to their environment and became skilled gatherers and hunters. The Anasazi, known as "the Ancient Ones," established permanent villages, engaged in agriculture, and demonstrated advanced cultural practices. Finally, the Fremont People blended farming and hunting while leaving behind intriguing rock art.

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Discovering Utah’s Early Inhabitants: From Paleo-Indians to Anasazi

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  1. UTAH’S EARLY PEOPLE

  2. PALEO-INDIANS 11,000-13,000 Years Ago

  3. PALEO-INDIANS • Archaeologists found leather scraps, pieces of string, nets of twine, fabric, basic fragments, and bone and wood tools such as knives and millstones in Danger and Hogup Cave

  4. PALEO-INDIANS Lived in Utah and all over North America up to Canada

  5. PALEO-INDIANS • Nomadic hunters, traveled for food, never settled for long • Ate seeds, buts, wild plants • Hunted saber-toothed tiger, wooly mammoth

  6. PALEO-INDIANS Chipped hard stones for points, lashed to strong sticks for spears

  7. ARCHAIC PEOPLE • Archaic People/Desert Gatherers • Lived in Utah and North America for 6400 years after Paleo-Indians were gone • Wicki-ups that moved from place to place—nomadic • Lived off the land for food and animals • Made baskets for food, carrying and water, shoes, ropes, string, thread, nets, traps, robes, blankets • Major weapon: Atlatl (spear thrower)

  8. ARCHAIC PEOPLE • Wicki-ups that moved from place to place—nomadic

  9. ARCHAIC PEOPLE • Collected duck eggs • Fished for trout • Cattails • Hunted deer • Gathered berries and nuts

  10. ARCHAIC PEOPLE Hunted with the atlatl

  11. ANASAZI • Anasazi People • Lived along San Juan River in 4-corners area • Pit houses—permanent villages • Hunted and gathered and farmed also • Built dams/reservoirs for water because land was dry • Made bows and arrows • We do not know why they left the area

  12. ANASAZI Lived in the four corners region Called the “Ancient Ones”

  13. ANASAZI • Pit houses—permanent villages

  14. ANASAZI Cliff dwellings

  15. ANASAZI • Built dams/reservoirs for water because land was dry • Floodplain agriculture

  16. ANASAZI Domesticated turkeys

  17. ANASAZI Grew • Pumkins • Squash • Beans Food storage allowed them time to develop culture. What is culture?

  18. ANASAZI • Hunted with bows and arrows

  19. ANASAZI Developed religious practices • Kivas

  20. ANASAZI Cannablism

  21. ANASAZI Mysteriously disappeared • Drought • Conquered by enemy tribes • Migrated to new lands

  22. FREMONT PEOPLE

  23. FREMONT PEOPLE They are named after the Fremont River where many of the artifacts were found

  24. FREMONT ROCK ART

  25. FREMONT PEOPLE Lived in Pit Houses

  26. FREMONT PEOPLE • Most Fremont people were full time farmers • They grew corn, beans, and squash in small pots along the rivers • Also continued to be hunter/gathers to survive

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