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Blood Chapter 12

Blood Chapter 12. Objectives: Identify components of blood. Describe blood cell formation. Distinguish among human blood groups. Blood and Blood Cells. Blood consists of: Liquid portion – plasma Solid portion: Red blood cells (RBC’s) White blood cells (WBC’s) Platelets.

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Blood Chapter 12

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  1. BloodChapter 12 Objectives: Identify components of blood. Describe blood cell formation. Distinguish among human blood groups.

  2. Blood and Blood Cells • Blood consists of: • Liquid portion – plasma • Solid portion: • Red blood cells (RBC’s) • White blood cells (WBC’s) • Platelets

  3. Blood Volume & Composition • Average adult has blood volume of about 5 liters (5.3 quarts or ______ gallons). • Men – about 1.5 gallons • Women – about 0.875 gallons • Hematocrit– the % of cells per volume in a blood sample • Normal is about 45%. • What does it mean if the percentage is low? • What does it mean if the percentage is high?

  4. RBC’s • AKA, erythrocytes • Biconcave disks (???) • Increases the surface area through which gases can diffuse • Places the cell membrane closer to oxygen-carrying hemoglobin in the cell

  5. RBC’s, continued….. • Hemoglobin: • Makes up about 1/3 of RBC • Protein – responsible for color of blood (???) • Oxyhemoglobin – bright red • Deoxyhemoglobin – darker • RBC’s extrude (???) their nuclei when mature • Makes more room for hemoglobin • Cannot divide

  6. RBC Count (RBCC or RCC) • The number of RBC’s in a mm3 of blood • 4,600, 000 – 6,200,000 for men • 4,200,000 – 5,400,000 for women • How much is 1 mm3?

  7. RBC Production and Control • Hemapoiesis: RBC’s are produced in yolk sac, liver, spleen, and red bone marrow • Average life span of RBC = 120 days • Production is controlled by a homeostatic mechanism controlled by the hormone erythropoietin.

  8. RBC Production Control • Decreased environmental oxygen levels stimulate kidneys and liver to release erythropoietin. • Erythropoietin travels to red bone marrow and stimulates RBC production. • New RBC’s appear in the blood in a few days. • When oxygen levels return to normal, erythropoietin levels and RBC production both decrease.

  9. Destruction of RBC’s • RBC’s, especially older ones, can be damaged by passing through capillaries. • Damaged RBC’s are destroyed by macrophages in the spleen and liver. • The leftover hemoglobin is broken down, and the iron portion may be returned to the red bone marrow to be reused to make new hemoglobin.

  10. White Blood Cells (WBC’s) • AKA, leukocytes • What is their job? • 5 types of WBC’s – differ in: • Size • Nature of their cytoplasm • Nucleus shape • Staining characteristics

  11. Types of WBC’s • Use the information found on pp.311-313 to complete the table. Some info can be found in Table 12.1, p.314.

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