Chapter 3 Pronouns

1. Chapter 3Pronouns Mr. Bush

2. What is a Pronoun? • Pronoun- word that is used in place of a _______ or another pronoun. • A pronoun can refer to person, place, thing, or idea. • The word that a pronoun refers to is called its _______ . • Ex. Ramon visited Death Valley, and he was impressed. • ‘he’ is referring to ‘Ramon’ • Ramon is the antecedent

3. Personal Pronouns • Pronouns such as we, I, he, them, and it are called personal pronouns. • Personal pronouns have a variety of forms to indicate different persons, numbers, and _______ . • Person and Number: There are first person, second person, and third person personal pronouns, each having both _______ and plural forms.

4. Person and Number

5. Personal Pronouns • _______ - each personal pronoun has three cases: subject, object and possessive. • Which form to use depends on the pronoun’s _______ in a sentence. • Subject: He read about Death Valley. • Object: Julie asked him about the rocks. • _______ : Ramon brought his book.

6. Personal Pronouns

7. 1-5’sWrite the personal pronouns in each sentence • Death Valley is famous for its strange moving boulders. • They are found in a dry lake bed called Racetrack Playa. • The rocks slide on their own, leaving long tracks behind them. • Can you think of an explanation for this curious event? • Investigators offer two major theories for us to consider.

8. Objective- to understand subject pronouns and how they are used. • What you need to know-pronouns can be used as subjects of the sentence

9. Subject Pronouns • _______ Pronoun- is used as a subject in a sentence or as a predicate pronoun after a _______ verb

10. Subject Pronouns • Pronouns as Subjects • Use a subject pronoun when the pronoun is a _______ or part of a _______ subject. • Ex. The Hope diamond has a fascinating history. It has been bad luck for many owners. You and he think the diamond is cursed. • ‘It’, referring to ‘The Hope diamond’, is the subject of the sentence.

11. Subject Pronouns • _______ Pronouns • A _______ pronoun follows a linking verb and identifies the verb’s subject. Use the subject case for predicate pronouns. • The owner was he. • ‘he’ being the predicate noun, identifies the subject and ‘owner’ is the subject

12. Subject Pronouns • The buyers are you and she. • ‘you and she’ are the predicate pronouns identifying the subject ‘buyers’ • Remember common linking verbs: be, is, am, are, was, were, been, has been, have been, can be, will be, could be, and should be

13. Practice and ApplyWrite the correct pronoun form to complete each sentence • The diamond detectives were Carla and (I, me). • According to legend the huge blue diamond has had many owners, and (they, them) all came to a bad end. • (He, him) is said to have been killed in India by wild dogs. • His son and (he, him) died tragically soon afterward. • “Hope diamond experts” are (us, we)!

14. Review • Subject pronouns • Predicate pronouns • Singular/Plural

15. Objective-to know and understand how object pronouns are used • What you need to know- how to determine which pronoun to use with the object of the sentence

16. Object Pronouns • _______ Pronouns • An _______ pronoun is used as direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition.

17. Object Pronouns • _______ Object • The pronoun receives the action of a verb and answers the question _______ or what. • Ex. The mysterious death of King Tut fascinatesme. • ‘fascinates’ is the verb, ‘death’ is our subject and ‘me’ is our direct object

18. Object Pronouns • _______ Objects • The pronoun tells to whom or what or for whom or what an action is performed. • Ex. Chuck lent me a video on the topic. • ‘lent’ is our verb, ‘Chuck’ is our subject, ‘video’ is our direct object and ‘me’ is out indirect object.

19. Object Pronouns • Object of a _______ • The pronoun follows a preposition (such as to, from, for, against, by, or about) • Ex. I can tell the story to you and him. • ‘tell’ is our verb, ‘I’ is our subject, ‘story’ is our direct object, ‘to you and him’ is our preposition and ‘you’ and ‘him’ is our object of the preposition

20. Practice and Applychoose the pronoun and identify them as subject or object • King Tutankhamen was only about nine years old when the priests crowned (he, him) as the new pharaoh. • (He, Him) and his wife were not in power long before the young pharaoh died. • (I, Me) saw a video showing x-ray pictures of Tut’s skull. • (They, Them) revealed that someone had struck Tut on the back of the head. • It occurred to (I, me) that only someone the king knew could get so close to (he, him)

21. Possessive Pronouns • A _______ pronoun is a personal pronoun used to show ownership or relationship.

22. Possessive Pronouns • The _______ pronouns my, your, her, his, its, our, and their come before nouns. • Ex. The Chinese museum kept its amazing secret for years. • ‘its’ is showing ownership to ‘secret’ • No one saw the mummies in their colorful clothes. • ‘their’ is showing ownership to ‘clothes’

23. Possessive Pronouns • The _______ pronouns mine, yours, hers, his ours and theirs can stand alone in a sentence. • Ex. The secret was theirs. Now the secret is ours.

24. Practice and ApplyChoose the pronoun or contraction to complete each sentence. • Imagine (your, you’re) visiting museum in Urumqi, in the desert of northwest China. • In one room, you find remarkable mummies in (their, they’re) cases. • The leggings, shirts, and cloaks on the mummies look as colorful as (your, you’re) clothes today. • This experience really happened to Professor Mair and his tour group on (their, they’re) trip to China in 1987. • The mummies are about 3,000 years old and (they’re, their) European, not Chinese!

25. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns • A pronoun that ends in self or selves is either a _______ or an _______ pronoun.

26. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns • _______ pronouns- a reflexive pronoun refers to the subject and directs the action of the verb back to the subject. • Reflexive pronouns are necessary to the meaning of a sentence. • Ex. Houdini called himself a master escape artist. • Ex. Lynne dedicated herself to learning Houdini’s secrets. • If you remove the reflexive pronoun the sentence doesn’t make sense.

27. Reflexive and Intensive Pronouns • _______ Pronoun- an intensive pronoun emphasizes a noun or another pronoun in the same sentence. • Intensive pronouns are not necessary to the meaning of a sentence. • Ex. You yourself have seen magic shows on TV. • Ex. I myself like to perform magic tricks. • If you remove the intensive pronoun the sentence still makes sense.

28. Practice and ApplyWrite the reflexive or intensive pronoun in each sentence. Then label it reflexive or intensive. • During the 1920’s, Harry Houdini labeled himself “the most daring escape artist in the world.” • His name itself makes people think of magic. • In one famous trick, Houdini freed himself from a tank that was filled to the top with water and securely locked. • He also called himself “the handcuff king” and said no handcuffs in the world could hold him. • The police officers themselves were amazed at Houdini.

29. Interrogatives and Demonstratives • _______ Pronouns- an interrogative pronoun is used to introduce a question. • Ex. Who made up this riddle? • Which riddle are you talking about?

30. Interrogatives and Demonstratives

31. Interrogatives and Demonstratives • Using Who and Whom • Who is always used as a _______ or a _______ pronoun. • Ex. Subject: Who knows the answer to the riddle? • Ex. Predicate: Your favorite comedian is who?

32. Interrogatives and Demonstratives • Using Who and Whom • Whom is always used as an _______ . • Ex. Direct Object: Whom did you tell? • Ex. Indirect Object: You gave whom the answer? • Ex. Object of the Preposition: To whom did you give my name? • I.E. Don’t confuse whose with who’s. Whose is a pronoun. Who’s is a contraction that means who is or who has.

33. Demonstrative Pronouns • _______ Pronoun- A demonstrative pronoun points out a person, place, thing, or idea. • The demonstrative pronouns-this, that, these, and those-are used alone in a sentence.

34. Pronoun Agreement • Objective- To understand and write pronouns that agree with their antecedents.

35. Pronoun Agreement • The _______ is the noun or pronoun that a pronoun replaces or refers to. • The antecedent and the pronoun can be in the same sentence or in different sentences. • Ex. Louis writes his own detective stories. • Ex. Agatha Christie writes mysteries. Her stories are famous. • Pronouns must agree with their antecedents in number, person, and gender.

36. Pronoun Agreement • Agreement in _______ • Use a singular pronoun to refer to a singular antecedent. • Ex. One story has its setting in Egypt. • Use a _______ pronoun to refer to a plural antecedent. • Ex. The characters have their motives for murder.

37. Pronoun Agreement • Agreement in _______ • The pronoun must agree in person with the antecedent. • Ex. Louis likes his mysteries to have surprise endings. • Ex. You want a story to grab your attention.

38. Pronoun Agreement • Agreement in _______ • The gender of a pronoun must be the same as the gender of its antecedent. • Ex. Agatha Christie sets many of her stories in England. • Ex. The hero has to use all his wits to solve the crime.

39. Practice and ApplyWrite the pronouns and their antecedents in the these sentences. • Agatha Christie loved real-life mysteries of the past. She helped to investigate them in the Middle East. • Max Mallowan was an English Archaeologist. He was married to Christie for 45 years. • The couple went on many archaeological trips and found them exciting and a real source of inspiration. • The story takes place at an archaeological dig. One of its main characters is Dr. Leidner. • When Mrs. Leidner is murdered, the detective HerculePoirot must catch her killer.

40. Indefinite-Pronoun Agreement • Objective: To recognize and use indefinite pronouns in writing

41. Indefinite-Pronoun Agreement • Here’s the Idea • An _______ pronoun does not refer to a specific person, place, thing, or idea. • Indefinite pronouns often do not have antecedents. • Ex. Something unusual is going on in Loch Ness. • Ex. Has anyone photographed the Loch Ness monster?

42. Indefinite-Pronoun Agreement • Some _______ pronouns are always singular, some are always _______ , and some can be either singular or plural.

43. Indefinite-Pronoun Agreement • Use a ______________ pronoun to refer to a singular indefinite pronoun. • Ex. Everyone took his or her camera to the lake. • (Everyone could be masculine or feminine) • Ex. One dropped his camera in the water by mistake.

44. Indefinite-Pronoun Agreement • Plural _______ Pronouns • Use a plural personal pronoun to refer to a plural indefinite pronoun. • Ex. Several reported their sightings of the monster. • Ex. Many could not believe their own eyes!

45. Indefinite-Pronoun Agreement • Singular or Plural _______ Pronouns • Some indefinite pronouns can be singular or plural. • The phrase that follows the indefinite pronoun will often tell you whether the pronoun is singular or plural. Ex. Most of the monster story has its origin in fantasy. Most of the monster stories have their origins in fantasy.

46. Why it matters • Keep your facts and ideas clear. Make sure that all pronouns agree in number with their indefinite antecedents. • Ex. Not everyone has made up their minds about the existence of the Loch Ness monster. A few have his or her own theory. • Change: their minds = his or her mind, his or her = their, and theory = theories

47. Practice and ApplyChoose the pronoun that agrees with indefinite pronoun antecedent. • All of the tourists want (his or her, their) own monster stories to tell. • None of tourists have (his or her, their) questions answered. • Many display (his or her, their) very blurry photographs. • Each has presented (his or her, their) theory about Nessie.

48. Pronoun Problems • Objective: To identify pronoun problems and avoid them in writing

49. Pronoun Problems • We and Us with _______ • The pronoun we or us is sometimes followed by a noun that identifies the pronoun (we students, us students) • Use we when the pronoun is a subject or a predicate pronoun. Use us when the pronoun is an object. • Ex. We owners don’t always understand our pets. • Ex. Dogs and cats often surprise us owners.

50. Pronoun Problems • Choosing We or Us • Dogs think of (us, we) humans as their leaders. • Drop the identifying noun from the sentence. • Dogs think of (us, we) as their leaders. • Decide whether the sentence calls for a subject pronoun or an object pronoun. This sentence calls for the pronoun that is the object of the preposition of. • Dogs think of us as their leaders. • Use the correct pronoun with the noun. • Dogs think of us humans as their leaders.