Sex and Your Body

1. Sex and Your Body Chapter Five

2. Female Sex Organs • External Female Genitals (Vulva) • Mons pubis • Labia majora • Labia minora • Prepuce • Clitoris • Internal Female Genitals • Vagina • Uterus • Cervix • Ovaries • Fallopian tube

3. Figure 5.1 The female sex organs

4. Male Sex Organs • Penis • The glans • Corpus spongiosum • Urethra • Scrotum • Function (Temperature 93.6 degrees F) • Testes • Epididymis • Vas deferens • Prostate gland • Cowper’s glands • Seminal vesicles • Circumcision

5. Male External Genitalia

6. Figure 5.2 The male sex organs

7. Hormones and The Reproductive Life Cycle • Sex Hormones • Androgens: Sex hormones • Testes produce testosterone • Ovaries produce estrogen and progesterone • Cortex of the adrenal gland produces androgens in both males and females • Pituitary gland • Hypothalamus

8. Differentiation of the Embryo • Determined by the fertilizing sperm at the time of conception • Conception - combining of 23 pairs of chromosomes • Of the 23 pairs, one pair = sex chromosomes • Egg carries an X sex chromosome • Sperm carries either a X or Y chromosome • XX provides the blueprint to produce a female • XY provides the blueprint to produce a male

9. Female Sexual Maturation • Physical changes begins around 8-13 with breast development and rapid body growth between 9 and 15. • The 4 Phases of the Menstrual Cycle • Menses • Days 1-5 • Estrogenic phase • Days 6-13 • Ovulation phase • Day 14 • Progestational phase • Days 15-27

10. Figure 5.4 The menstrual cycle

11. Menstrual Problems • Dysmenorrhea • Cramps, bloating, nausea associated with the menstrual cycle • Some symptoms caused from prostaglandins • Premenstrual Tension (PT) • Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) • Pharmacological treatment • Lifestyle changes to reduce symptoms • Limit salt intake • Exercise • Don’t use alcohol or tobacco • Eat a nutritious diet • Relax

12. Male Sexual Maturation • Normally occurs 2 years later than girls • Begins about 10 or 11 years old • Physical changes • Testicular growth • Penis growth • Pubic hair growth • Voice deepens • Height growth

13. Aging and Human Sexuality • Women: Menopause • Ovaries gradually cease functioning • Decreasing estrogen • Increased risk of disease • Men • Gradual decrease of testosterone

14. Sexual Response Cycle • Four phases typically characterize the sexual response cycle: • Excitement phase • Plateau phase • Orgasmic phase • Males (refractory phase) • Resolution phase

15. Figure 5.5 Stages of the Sexual Response Cycle

16. Sexual Problems • Biological conditions affecting women: • Vaginitis • Vaginismus • Endometriosis • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) • 50-75% of PID cases are caused by STDs • Biological conditions affecting men: • Prostatitis (acute vs. chronic) • Testicular cancer • Most common in men in their twenties and thirties

17. Sexual Dysfunctions • Common sexual dysfunctions • Male – • Erectile dysfunction • Premature ejaculation • Delayed ejaculation • Women – • orgasmic dysfunction • Treatment • Physical examination • Pharmaceutical • Relaxation and massage techniques • Sources of Sexual Dysfunctions • Psychosocial • Behavioral

18. Sexual Behavior • The development of sexual behavior • Gender roles and gender identity • Gender role is everything you do in your daily life that expresses your maleness or femaleness • Gender identity is your personal, inner sense of being male or female • Transsexuals –feel that their biological sex does not match their gender identity • Transvestites – wear clothing identified with the other gender • Intersexed –born with ambiguous genitals, neither fully female nor fully male.

19. Sexual Orientation • Person’s preference in sex partners • Heterosexuality • Homosexuality • Bisexuality • Origins of sexual orientation • Biological and genetic factors • Learning theory