China

1. China From the First Emperor to Communism

2. China Basics • China is the 4th largest country on the planet • Home to 1.3 billion people • Largest population earth • Oldest civilization on earth • The third oldest country • Made many major accomplishments • Paper making • Primitive printing press • Gunpowder and other weapons like the crossbow • The compass • The noodle

3. The First Emperor of China • Qin Shi Huangdi was responsible for setting the stage for the modern country of China • Unified China • 7 warring states turned into 1 “peaceful” country • Established Legalism • Developed a common language • Built the majority of the Great Wall of China • Needed to protect the northern border of the country • Built an elaborate tomb • Built the terra cotta warriors

4. The First Emperor of China • Responsible for using the government style called “Legalism” • The leader is very strong and very strict • Mandate of Heaven • Government controls every element of people’s lives • How you live, what you do, how you think, etc • The people must be loyal and obedient • Those that don’t conform to this way are gotten rid of • Putin a labor or reeducation camp, or sentenced to death

5. The Dynasties of China • After the First Emperor died his ideas were continued by future emperors and “dynasties” • Ruling families • Continued for 2,000 years • From 200 BC to 1911 • Today we call Legalism a “Totalitarian Dictatorship” • The Chinese government claims that their country is not a dictatorship… they are communists • So… what is communism?

6. The Idea of Communism • Communism is an economic system, not a form of government!! • Why do we think of it as a government? • Many dictatorships use communism for their economy • Cuba and Fidel Castro • Russia and Joseph Stalin • North Korea and Kim Jong Il • China and HuJintao

7. The Idea of Communism • Karl Marx created the idea of communism • Believes the “Proletariat” would rise up against the wealthy dictators or emperors of a country • The average and poor working people • Believes proletariat would take power and create a country where everyone is equal in terms of wealth • Redistribute the wealth of a country • Take from the rich and divide it evenly among everyone • BUT… the unfortunate reality is that equality for all cannot happen completely • Every country must have leaders • More wealth and power than everyone else

8. In 1911 the last Chinese Emperor is overthrown Overthrow by the Kuomintang or Nationalist Party A democracy is established Dr. Sun Yatsen becomes first president of China Dies after 14 years in charge Replaced by Chiang Kai- shek Promised to continue democracy and rights for all Chinese people, but he never followed through The proletariat become very upset and move to revolt Mao Zedong is the leader of the upset Proletariat The Last Dynasty is Overthrown

9. Mao Zedong • Teacher who studied the ideas of Karl Marx • Believed strongly in communism • Believed a proletariat revolution was possible • Mao went to the countryside • Promote communism and revolution among the average people • A violent civil war began between the Communists and Nationalists • Mao Zedong versus Chiang Kai- shek • Most communists were killed • Mao and the remaining communists were forced to head 6,000 miles to northwestern China • Called the “Long March”

10. Japan invaded China Nationalists and Communists reluctantly set aside their differences in order to fight Japan More people started to look to Mao for leadership Communism gains major support by the people After the war Mao and the communists gain all political power in China The people believe this is a major victory for China China During WW II

11. Communism in China • Mao Zedong • Leader of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) • First communist leader in China • Came to power in China after WWII in 1949 • Blended the unique ideas of Karl Marx and the First Emperor • China became a country where the people are equal, but there is also a dictator • Marx’s idea of equality for the people • Qin Shi Huangdi’s idea that there is a dictator with total control over the people’s lives

12. How Mao’s Communism worked • Fear and violence was used in the beginning • Scare people into following you • Just like the First Emperor • “Propaganda” • Make people believe everyone is happy and equal • Government controls the TV., radio, newspaper, books, schools, etc. • Government claims they “Serve the people” • Just like the First Emperor • Stressed loyalty and service to China • “You” as a person do not matter, but “we” as China do • The group (China) is more important than the individual

13. How Mao’s Communism worked • Propaganda Continued • Hero of the Day Posters • Average workers or children who do something for the country are rewarded by having a poster of them put up in their village • People feel good about what they are doing for China • Makes people believe the government is good and that they care for the people

14. Mao’s “Little Red Book” • The ultimate propaganda device used by Mao • Famous quotations and rules written by Chairman Mao • Every day certain passages were read • Before work or school • After several generations, people believed Mao knew everything and that he really cared about them • Mao now controlled the most important thing… What people thought • First Emperor did this by burning all writings

15. Communism and the People • Everyone is “equal” • No social classes • No private property • Equal access to things like Education, Healthcare, Housing, and Jobs • No personal rewards to work hard • Everyone is paid the same no matter what they do

16. One- child- per- family policy • Government says you can only have one child • Why does the government do this? • Population control- Limits what they need to give the people • What if you do have more than one child? • Three options • Abortion • Started by government at the beginning of policy • Pay a fine for each child over one • Very Expensive and very few people can do this • Adoption • Most popular method • Daughters are usually given up