Chapter 20: Perceptual Motor Development

1. Chapter 20:Perceptual Motor Development PED 383: Adapted Physical Education Dr. Johnson

2. Overview • Sensory input • Receiving energy forms from the environment and from within the body itself as sensory stimuli and processing the information for integration into the CNS. • Incoming messages • Sensory integration • Integrating comparing and storing short or long term memories • Output and feedback • Movements occur as a result of decisions from the CNS. • The actual movement response – jump, run, etc • As this happens, information is sent back in as feedback

3. Terminology • Perception • Monitoring and interpreting of sensory information or knowledge resulting from the interaction between sensory and CNS processes • Perceptual motor development • Enhancing the ability to integrate sensory stimuli arising from or relating to observable movement responses • Sensorimotor activity • Motor responses to sensory output • Does not require cognitive ability • Affordances • Actions exerted on the environment • Ecological approach • Perception is specific to each person and that the environment is perceived directly in terms of its usefulness for the perceiver

4. Examples • Hitting a baseball when pitched • Understanding tracking • Messages to the CNS on information input • Decision based on input information • Information added based on result • Hit • Strike • Should have not swung

5. Deficits • Motor output is impacted by deficits in several areas • Visual • Auditory • Vestibular, kinesthetic or tactual • Mental or affective • Each have different responses based on level of disability

6. How to overcome deficits or prevent them • Sensory Stimulation • Associate senses with movements • Not dependent on cognitive ability • Overlap in sensorimotor activities

7. Tactile Perception • Ability to interpret sensations through the skin (feel) • Types • Proprioception • Feelings form inside the body • Kinesthetic Perception • Awareness and memory of planned movement and position • Body awareness(feeling a movement correctly) • Laterality • Balance • Relation between the body and gravitational pull (equilibrium)

8. Kinesthetic perception • Body awareness • Ability to derive meaning from the body • Body Schema • Information supplied through activity of the body • Body image • Feelings one has about their own body • How it functions, not how it looks • Body concept • Knowledge one has about their own body • Body parts

9. Kinesthetic perception • Laterality • Knowing both sides of the body • Verticality • Knowing the up and down sides of the body

10. Visual • Visual • Figure-ground • Ability to distinguish the main figure or target from the background or to give meaning to form(s) • Spatial • Locating objects in space • Egocentric – self in space – not touching hoop • Objective – others – complete a pass when guarded • Perceptual constancy • Recognizing objects despite changes in presentation • Football – always the same size, color, shape • Visual-motor coordination • Coordinate vision with movements • Development • Include activities that are specific for your type of need (listed above)

11. Auditory • Auditory acuity and perception • How we hear • Auditory figure-ground • Distinguish and attend to relevant auditory stimuli against a background of general auditory stimuli • Auditory discrimination • Distinguish among frequencies, qualities and amplitudes of sound • Sound localization • Determining the source or location of a sound • Smoke alarm when batteries need to be replaced • Temporal auditory perception • Recognize and discriminate among variations of auditory stimuli presented in time (tempo) • Auditory-motor coordination • Coordinate auditory stimuli with body movements • Development • Include activities that are specific for your type of need (listed above)