Motor Development

1. Motor Development

2. Why study Motor Development? • Contributes to our general knowledge of understanding ourselves and the world we live in. • Helps individuals perfect or improve their movement performance potential by providing developmentally appropriate activities.

3. Why study Motor Development? • Understanding human development across the lifespan helps us to diagnose problems in humans who do not develop normally. • One can compare “normal” to special populations to recognize coordination problems, trends, and gains.

4. Motor Development is: • Continuous – lifespan progression & regression • Sequential - Predictable & Directional • Qualitative – skills become more refined & precise

5. Motor Development is: • Individual – rate varies based on environment, movement opportunities and maturation but sequence is generally the same • Multifaceted – no one thing creates the change; i.e. combination of physical, environment, opportunities for exploration, the task itself, the individual

6. Multifaceted continued • For example, a child’s brain has to be mature enough (ready) to walk, the bones and muscles in the legs have to be strong enough to support the bodies weight, and the environment has to be such that the child has space to walk and opportunity to walk.

7. Maturation • Development depends on maturation & learning • Maturation refers to the sequential characteristic of biological growth and development. • Biological growth is physical

8. Maturation • Biological development is change that occurs in sequential order; children acquire new abilities (crawl, reach, talk, walk, roll over, etc.) • These biological & physical changes help improve thinking (cognitive) & motor (physical) skills

9. Maturation • Children must mature to a certain point to acquire new skills; i.e. readiness. Examples: • A five-month-old cannot use language because the infant's brain has not matured enough to allow the child to talk. However, by age two, the brain has developed enough for the child to say & understand words. • A child cannot draw or write until the child has developed the motor control to hold the crayon or pencil.

10. Maturation & Growth • Maturational patterns are innate, that is, genetically programmed. • Providing a stimulating environment and varied experiences for children allows them to explore and learn. That environment will largely determine the child reaching her or his full potential.

11. Milestones • Reaching milestones indicates (is a sign of) development - Reaching develops to grasping with thumb & forefinger - Rolling from back to front enables crawling - Sitting up before lifting self up to legs - Crawling evolves to walking upright - Walking first then walking up or down stairs - Speaking first word - Skipping

12. How do we Measure Progress in Motor Development? • Appearance of new skills • Refinement in movement process • Improvement in movement product • Acquisition of skill combinations • Improved adaptation to the environment

13. Why Develop./ Appropriate? • Development has become associated with the type and quality of experiences we pass through in life. • If these experiences are developmentally appropriate in early childhood, exercise program, rehab, or learning of motor or sport skills it will assure that the child will develop normally.

14. Developmentally AppropriatePerspective • Knowing predictable sequences of growth and development through which most children pass. • Knowledge of sequences provides a basis from which we provide the best instructional experiences for students • Accepts child at his/her stage of development - Individually appropriate (think of an experienced player vs novice – each has different needs)