1 / 37

Networking with TCP/IP and the Application Layers

This guide outlines the essential concepts in networking, focusing on TCP/IP protocols, sockets, ports, and the Domain Name System (DNS). Learn about the logical addressing system that combines an IP address with port numbers to facilitate communication between processes on a host. We explore well-known ports, the structure of domain names, and the function of DNS, including the roles of resolvers and name servers. Additionally, this resource covers the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) and its leasing process, enhancing IP address management.

rayya
Télécharger la présentation

Networking with TCP/IP and the Application Layers

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Networking with TCP/IP and the Application Layers

  2. Sockets and Ports • Socket • Logical address assigned to a specific process running on a host computer • The socket’s address combines the host computer’s IP address with the port numberassociated with a process • Port numbers in the range of 0 to 1023 are called well-known ports

  3. Sockets and Ports

  4. Sockets and Ports

  5. Host Names and Domain Name System (DNS) • Host name • Symbolic name that describes a TCP/IP device • Domain • Group of computers that belong to the same organization and have part of their IP addresses in common

  6. Domain Names • Symbolic name that identifies an organization • Top-level domains (TLDs) • Highest-level category used to distinguish domain names • A TLD is known as the domain suffix

  7. Domain Names

  8. Host Files • Text file that associates TCP/IP host names with IP addresses • Alias • Nickname for a node’s host name

  9. Domain Name System (DNS) • Hierarchical way of tracking domain names and their addresses, devised in the mid-1980s

  10. Domain Name System (DNS) • Resolvers • Hosts on the Internet that need to look up domain name information • Name servers • Servers that contain databases of names and their associated IP addresses • Each name server manages a group of device, collectively known as a zone

  11. Configuring DNS

  12. DNS Name Space • Name space • Refers to the actual database of Internet IP addresses and their associated names • Every name server holds a piece of the DNS name space • At the highest level of the hierarchy sit the root servers • Visit: http://www.icann.org/ • And: http://www.newroot.com/root-servers.htm

  13. DNS Name Space • Resource record • Element of a DNS database stored on a name server that contains information about TCP/IP host names and their addresses • Address resource record • Type of resource record that maps the IP address of an Internet-connected device to its domain name

  14. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) • Automated means of assigning a unique IP address to every device on a network • Reasons for implementing DHCP • Reduce the time and planning spent on IP address management • Reduce the potential for errors in assigning IP addresses • Enable users to move their workstations and printers without having to change their TCP/IP configuration • Make IP addressing transparent for mobile users

  15. DHCP Leasing Process • Lease • Agreement between DHCP server and client on how long the client will borrow a DHCP-assigned IP address

  16. Terminating a DHCP Lease • A DHCP lease may expire based on the period established for it in the server configuration • A DHCP lease may be manually terminated at any time from either the client’s TCP/IP configuration or the server’s DHCP configuration • In some instances, a user must terminate a lease • Release • The act of terminating a DHCP lease

  17. Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) • Provides a means of resolving NetBIOS names with IP addresses • WINS offers several advantages • Guarantees a unique NetBIOS name is used for each computer on a network • Support for DHCP • Better network performance

  18. Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)

  19. Review of TCP/IP Subprotocols • Internet Protocol (IP) • Transport Control Protocol (TCP) • User Datagram Protocol (UDP) • Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) • Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) • Telnet • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

  20. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) • SMTP • Responsible for moving messages from one e-mail server to another

  21. Internet Mail Access Protocol (IMAP) • Mail storage and manipulation protocol that depends on SMTP’s transport system

  22. Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP) • Language that Web clients and servers use to communicate • Forms the backbone of the Web • Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) • Language that defines formatting standards for Web documents

  23. Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)

  24. Network Time Protocol (NTP) • Used to synchronize the clocks of a computers on a network • Very simple protocol • Belongs to Application Layer of TCP/IP Model • Depends on UDP

  25. TCP/IP Troubleshooting • Of all network protocols, TCP/IP is most likely to cause problems because it requires the most planning and post-installation configuration • Be aware of the troubleshooting tools and their switches • These troubleshooting utilities can be accessed from the command prompt on a server or client running TCP/IP

  26. Packet Internet Groper (PING) • Troubleshooting utility that can verify TCP/IP is installed, bound to the NIC, configured correctly, and communicating with the network • An echo request is a signal sent out to another computer • An echo reply is the other computer’s response signal • Process of sending this signal back and forth is known as pinging

  27. Netstat • Netstat utility display TCP/IP statistics and details about TCP/IP components and connections on a host

  28. Nbstat • The nbstat utility can provide information about NetBIOS statistics and resolve NetBIOS names to their IP addresses • In other words, if you know the NetBIOS name of a workstation, you can use nbstat to determine its IP address • Nbstat is useful on networks that run Windows-based operating systems and NetBIOS

  29. Nslookup • Allows you to look up the DNS host name of a network node by specifying its IP address, or vice versa

  30. Traceroute • Uses ICMP to trace path from one networked node to another • Also known as tracert on Windows machines

  31. Ipconfig • TCP/IP administration utility for use with Windows NT and Windows 2000 operating systems

  32. Winipcfg • This utility performs the same TCP/IP configuration management as the ipconfig utility, but also applies to Windows 9x and Me operating systems

  33. Winipcfg

  34. Internet Services • World Wide Web (WWW, or Web) • Collection of internetworked servers that share resources and exchange information according to specific protocols and formats • Browser • Software that provides clients with a simple, graphical interface to the Web

  35. World Wide Web • Uniform Resource Locator (URL) • Standard means of identifying every Web page

  36. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) • FTP - Manages files transfers between TCP/IP hosts

  37. E-commerce • E-commerce • Means of conducting business over the Web

More Related