Environmental Workshop on POPs July24 -12 August 2003, Korea

1. Environmental Workshop on POPsJuly24 -12 August 2003, Korea Country PaperonPOPs Management in Cambodia

4. Cambodian Profile • Land : 181 035 km2 • Population: 11 million • Religion: Buddhism • Agriculture: 80-85% • Agricultural crop: rice ( 90% of crop area) • Climate : hot and humid, which 2 distinct seasons :

5. Dry Season ( Nov- to Apr-) & Rainy Season (Mar- to Oct-) • Temperature : Between 25C0 (Jan-) to 41C0 (Apr-) • Rainfall : The average rainfall is 1500 mm • GDP : The estimated GDP as of the year’s1999 was 3.1 bill- • Population Density : 52 persons/ km2

6. Source of POPs • Medical and municipal waste at open burning dumping site • Power plant, crematories and industry • Pesticide from agriculture sector

7. POPs Consumption and its effects • PCBs consumption in transformer • 241 types of pesticide are being sold : Aldrin, Endrin, DDT, Toxaphene, Heptachlor, Mirex, Chlordane and Hexachlorobenzene.

8. Law and Regulation • Law on Environmental Protection and Natural Resources Management ( 1996) • Sub-Decree on Solid waste and hazardous substances management • Sub-Decree on Water and soil quality Control • Sub-Decree on EIA Process. • Sub-Decree on Air noise and vibration control and • Sub-Decree on standards and management of agriculture Material

9. Ministerial Declaration • Declaration on the Provision of Duties to carry out the Sub-decree on Water Pollution Control, Sub-Decree on Solid Waste Management for Urban and Provincial Environmental Departments, June 2, 1999. • Declaration on Water Pollution Control ( August 20, 1999). • Declaration on Industrial Sludge Management (October 9, 2000).

10. Ministerial Declaration Cont. • Declaration on Water Pollution Control at various Pollution Sources in Cities and Provinces ( July 4, 2001). • Announcement on Water Pollution Monitoring at Pollution Source throughout Provinces and Cities (July 4, 2001).

11. Management and Related Institutes • MoE- Set up the control Policy • MIME- Giving the permission to POPs applicants ( Physico - Chemical property assessment of product in accordance with the Standard) • MoT- Quality control of Product containing POPs • MoEF- Issue import and export permit • MoH- Health protection responsibility • CDC- cooperation and coordination with concerned ministries within license approval in case the product is exempt from governmental tax

12. Management of POPs • Promulgated some legislation related to reduction and control of POPs use, importation, release and disposal. • Signedon the Stockholm Convention ( POPs ) on May 2001, and submitted draft document to the National Assembly to get permission for ratification of the convention; • Established the national steering committee

13. The effort of Cambodian Government • Supports environmental protection efforts and Basic research throughout the country • Trying to raise Cambodian public perception on Cleaner Production • Set up the environmental programme on TV • Training courses has been conducted in the country

14. The effort of Cambodian Government cont. • The reward programme such as gold medal for industries who compliance with the environmental law and standard, resulting the increasing of competitions among industries in term of clean environment improvement

15. The effort of NGOs • Some NGOs is still trying to assist Cambodia in term the capacity building and research. For example, there was research on organochlorine residues in fish that has started to carry out in 1996 by Japanese researchers in cooperation with Ministry of the Environment.

16. The effort of the Private company • Due to the understanding itself and law, regulation , some private companies have begun important process changes using cleaner production. • The CEA is in the process of seeking the new way how to manage the PCBs and providing the knowledge of PCBs to the public.

17. International Convention Participation • Party to Both the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol • Party to Basel Convention in March, 2001 • Biodiversity Convention • Signed the Stockholm Convention on POPs in May, 2001 • Signed the Kyoto Protocol

18. Constraints on POPs Management •  Weakness in capacity of national institution including, lack of local technical expert and professional personnel in the POPS field, that makes difficult in preparing national strategic plan for management as well as implementation of the POPs Convention; •  Lack of data base system related to POPs due to some generated data have been separately kept in each competent agency and other independent research institutes;

19. Weakness in cooperation including information exchange among responsible agencies, stakeholders and research institutes; • Lack of legislation, regulation and national policy and strategy for effective management of POPs as well as implementation of the Stockholm Convention;  • Weakness in implementing of existing legislation and regulation concerned POPs control and management;

20. Low public awareness in understanding of hazard of POPs to human health and environment as well as other living organisms; • Lack of technical assistance and regional information exchange.

21. Forwards Need for POPs Management •  Promote capacity of the national institutions involved in management and control of POPs; • Technical assistance including capacity building for technical staff in POPs management; • National strategic plan and legislation on reduction of POPs application as well as hazard of POPs to human health and environment should be developed;

22.  National survey on use, emission and risk of POPs including data base system should be conducted; and •  Information and technology exchange including regional and bilateral cooperation should be improved

23. Conclusion • Cambodia has plan to take some administrative and legislative measures to manage the POPs problem in a manner sufficient to meet the obligation of the Stockholm Convention, Therefore the human resource capacity and financial assistance is needed indeed in Cambodia.

24. Thank y u !