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Exploring Different Types of Research Methods: Surveys, Experiments, and Beyond

This study delves into various research methods, outlining survey research characteristics, including populations, samples, and techniques for achieving representative samples through random selection or researcher choice. It further examines secondary analysis for data efficiency, experimental methods for controlled settings, case studies for in-depth insights, and participant observation for firsthand knowledge of group dynamics. Each method's advantages and disadvantages are discussed to aid in understanding their applications in sociological research.

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Exploring Different Types of Research Methods: Surveys, Experiments, and Beyond

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Research 2.1

  2. Types of Research • Survey • Secondary analysis • Experiment • Case study • Participant observation

  3. Survey • Characteristics of survey research • population • group of people with certain characteristics • sample • group of people representing a population • representative sample • sample the accurately reflects the characteristics of the population as a whole

  4. Survey • Characteristics of survey research • Which is the best way to achieve a representative sample? • A. random selection • B. researcher choosing a sample that best represents the population • C. having individuals volunteer to participate in the research

  5. Survey • Gathering information • questionnaire • written series of questions that participants answer themselves • interview • the researcher asks the participants the questions and records the answers

  6. Survey • Closed-ended questions • a limited set of responses are given as answers to a question • example: • St. Viator does a good job in forming a student’s faith. 1 2 3 4 5 strongly disagree strongly agree

  7. Survey • Open-ended questions • the participant answers the question in her/his own words • example: • How well does St. Viator develop faith in its students?

  8. Secondary Analysis • Using precollected data in your research • Practical & time saving • Examples: • census numbers • prison data • attendance figures • unemployment data

  9. Experiment • Data collected in a laboratory and/or controlled setting • Not often used in sociological research • Advantages: • research can be replicated • variables can be controlled • Disadvantages: • Difficult to record authentic results • Limited number of variables

  10. Case Study • Thorough investigation of a specific group/incident • Advantages: • wealth of information • better understanding of group behavior • Disadvantages: • Time • results may not apply to similar groups • hard to duplicate

  11. Participant Observation • Method where the researcher becomes a member of the group being studied • group may or may not be aware of the researcher • Advantages: • first hand knowledge of group behavior • Disadvantages: • group may act different if aware of researcher • depending on subject matter, researcher may be in danger

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