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Characteristics of Life

`Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua . Monachus schauinslandi. Characteristics of Life. The Characteristics of Living Things. Great Complexity & Organization Composed of Cells Reproduction & Development Mechanism for Inheritance Metabolism & Homeostasis Interaction with the Environment

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Characteristics of Life

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  1. `Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua  Monachus schauinslandi Characteristics of Life

  2. The Characteristics of Living Things • Great Complexity & Organization • Composed of Cells • Reproduction & Development • Mechanism for Inheritance • Metabolism & Homeostasis • Interaction with the Environment • Evolution (Adaptation)

  3. Great Complexity and Organization • Living things are made of the same materials as everything else in the universe • Atoms are assembled into molecules • Living things are more organized , more complex • Living things require energy to carry out life processes

  4. The Hierarchy of Life • Atoms • Molecules • Organelles • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Organ Systems • Organisms • Populations • Communities • Ecosystems • Biosphere

  5. Atoms

  6. Some Elements

  7. Simple Inorganic Molecules • Water (H2O) • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Molecular Oxygen (O2) • Ammonium (NH3) • Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

  8. Biological Compounds Categories: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

  9. Combining the Organic Building Block Molecules + o CH2OH OH H CH2OH Glucose Fructose Glucose Fructose Sucrose H2O

  10. Macromolecules(usually polymers) • Polysaccharides • Proteins • Nucleic Acids • Fats

  11. Cell Organelles nucleus smooth ER mitochondria rough ER golgi

  12. Cells Nerve cell Osteocyte Muscle cell Blood cell

  13. Levels of Body Organization

  14. Organisms

  15. Populations

  16. Communities

  17. Ecosystems

  18. The Biosphere

  19. DNA molecule carbon atom organelle cell tissue biosphere ecosystem organ organ system community organism population Levels of Sturctural Organization

  20. The Characteristics of Living Things • Great Complexity & Organization • Composed of Cells • Reproduction & Development • Mechanism for Inheritance • Metabolism & Homeostasis • Interaction with the Environment • Evolution (Adaptation)

  21. Prokaryotic Cell

  22. Eukaryotic Animal Cell

  23. Eukaryotic Plant Cell

  24. Classification: Six kingdom system : Eubacteria Archaebacteria E. coli Cyanobacteria EUKARIA Protista Paramecium Diatom Slime mold Plantae Fungi Animalia

  25. The Characteristics of Living Things • Great Complexity & Organization • Composed of Cells • Reproduction & Development • Mechanism for Inheritance • Metabolism & Homeostasis • Interaction with the Environment • Evolution (Adaptation)

  26. Asexual Reproduction

  27. Sexual Reproduction

  28. Development

  29. The Characteristics of Living Things • Great Complexity & Organization • Composed of Cells • Reproduction & Development • Mechanism for Inheritance • Metabolism & Homeostasis • Interaction with the Environment • Evolution (Adaptation)

  30. DNA Contains information for almost all cell activities

  31. Mechanisms for Genetic Change • Genetic Recombination • Mutation • Chromosomal Aberration

  32. Genetic Recombination

  33. Mutation Sickle cell Normal RBC

  34. Chromosomal Aberration XYY DiGeorge Syndrome Klinefelter’s syndrome Downs

  35. The Characteristics of Living Things • Great Complexity & Organization • Composed of Cells • Reproduction & Development • Mechanism for Inheritance • Metabolism & Homeostasis • Interaction with the Environment • Evolution (Adaptation)

  36. Metabolism • The sum total of the chemical processes that occur in living organisms, resulting in growth, production of energy, elimination of waste material, etc. • Anabolism- build up of complex molecules • Catabolism- break down of complex molecules

  37. Cellular Respiration C6H12O6 + 6O2 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy

  38. Photosynthesis 6H2O + 6CO2 + light  C6H12O6 + 6O2

  39. Autotrophs • Organisms that make their own food (like plants, some protists, and some bacteria) • Plants capture energy from the sun, use water and carbon dioxide to make sugars and starches Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis

  40. Heterotrophs • Organisms that take in food to meet their energy needs • Animals must consume autotrophs (plants), and other heterotrophs to meet their energy needs

  41. Homeostasis Relatively stable internal environment

  42. Homeostasis All organisms must maintain a constant internal environment to function properly • Temperature • pH • Ions • Water • Hormones

  43. Negative Feedback vs Positive Feedback

  44. Homeostasis Too Hot Too Cold

  45. Homeostasis pH

  46. Homeostasis Salt/Water Balance

  47. Negative Feedback Blood Sugar Levels

  48. Positive Feedback 1 Break or tearoccurs in bloodvessel wall. Positive feedbackcycle is initiated. 3 2 Releasedchemicalsattract moreplatelets. Plateletsadhere to siteand releasechemicals. Positivefeedbackloop Feedback cycle endswhen plug is formed. 4 Platelet plugforms.

  49. Positive Feedback Oxytocin

  50. The Characteristics of Living Things • Great Complexity & Organization • Composed of Cells • Reproduction & Development • Mechanism for Inheritance • Metabolism & Homeostasis • Interaction with the Environment • Evolution (Adaptation)

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